Table of Contents
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES iv. MEDIEVAL TO LATE 18TH CENTURY
Vera Basch Moreen
From ancient times Iranian Jews formed communities in most of the major towns, villages, and regions of the Persianate world. Between the 8th and 10th centuries, Iraq and Iran contained very large and prosperous Jewish populations.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES v. QAJAR PERIOD (1)
Daniel Tsadik
The socio-economic and legal status of the Jews of Iran in early Qajar times was, to an extent, a continuation of the legacy of Safavid times. With the passage of time, however, certain changes started to be seen.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES v. QAJAR PERIOD (2)
Mehrdad Amanat
In the latter part of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries there occurred a relatively widespread mass movement of Persian Jews to the Bahai community.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES vi. THE PAHLAVI ERA (1925-1979)
Orly R. Rahimiyan
Zionist institutions in London and the Iranian Foreign Ministry engaged in heated arguments over the total ban on emigration to Palestine and on the use of Iranian soil by Russian Jews as a transit station on their way to Palestine.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES vii. THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC
Cross-Reference
See forthcoming online.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES viii. JUDEO-PERSIAN LANGUAGE
Thamar E. Gindin
a group of very similar, usually mutually comprehensible, dialects of Persian, spoken or written by Jews in greater Iran over a period of more than a millennium.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES ix. JUDEO-PERSIAN LITERATURE
Amnon Netzer
Most of the inscriptions and documents written in Judeo-Persian at the beginning of the Islamic period were discovered in the 19th century. They are important for the study of the development of early New Persian, and their existence proves that Jews lived and were active in all areas within and beyond the borders of historical Persia.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES x. JUDEO-PERSIAN JARGON (LOTERĀʾI)
Ehsan Yarshater
Loterāʾi is the secret jargon used by the Jewish communities of Iran and Afghanistan when they do not want the content of their talk to be understood by non-Jews.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES xi. MUSIC (1)
Houman Sarshar
This section is divided into four sub-sections: introduction, religious music, para-liturgical music, and secular Persian Jewish music.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES xi. MUSIC (2)
Houman Sarshar
This section is divided into: moṭrebs (hired popular musicians), Persian classical music, instrument makers, and popular music. Existing scholarship and historical documents suggest that Jews were the most prevalent minority engaged as moṭrebs.
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JUDEO-PERSIAN COMMUNITIES xii. PERSIAN CONTRIBUTION TO JUDAISM
Jacob Neusner
While the Jews of the Parthian and Sasanian empires spoke (eastern) Aramaic, not Middle Persian, Persian influence on Judaism through the Babylonian Talmud (Bavli) is by no means negligible.
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS
Multiple Authors
i. Achaemenid systems. ii. Parthian and Sasanian judicial system. iii. Sasanian legal system. iv. Judicial system, advent of Islam through the 19th century. v. Judicial system, 20th century. vi. Legal system, Islamic period.
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS i. ACHAEMENID JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS
F. Rachel Magdalene
This article will address principally the sources of our knowledge of the judicial and legal system in the Achaemenid period, as well as the nature of the court system, which persons had standing to sue, and legal procedure.
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS ii. PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEMS
Mansour Shaki
In Sasanian times, and by extrapolation in previous periods, there were courts of justice at various levels all over the empire, in every rural area, district, and city.
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS iii. SASANIAN LEGAL SYSTEM
Maria Macuch
A great number of treatises on jurisprudence must have existed in the Sasanian age, called dādestān-nāmag “Lawbooks,” but only one text from this period has survived.
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS iv. JUDICIAL SYSTEM FROM THE ADVENT OF ISLAM THROUGH THE 19TH CENTURY
Willem Floor
From the beginning of Islamic rule in Persia, a secular and a religious judiciary co-existed: the ʿorfi court applying the common law, the tribunal of religious judge (qāẓi) applying the sacred law (šariʿa).
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS v. JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE 20TH CENTURY
Willem Floor
Twentieth-century Iran experienced dramatic changes to its judicial system during the following periods: (1) Constitutional Period, (2) Pahlavi Period, (3) Post-revolution Period.
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JUDICIAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS vi. LEGAL SYSTEM, ISLAMIC PERIOD
Cross-Reference
See forthcoming, online. See also AḴBĀRIYA; CIVIL CODE; CONSTITUTION; CONTRACT; FEQH; HADITH.
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JUJUBE
Hušang Aʿlam
(ʿonnāb), the edible drupe of the jujube tree Ziziphus jujuba Miller.
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JUKES, ANDREW
Shireen Mahdavi
British East India Company surgeon and political agent (1774-1821).