Table of Contents

• AMA

  M. Boyce

  a minor Zoroastrian divinity, the hypostasis of strength, who appears in the Avestan hymn to Vərəθraγna (Yt. 14).

• AʿMĀ

  I. Abbas

  7th-8th century poet from Azerbaijan who wrote in Arabic.

• AMAHRASPAND

  Cross-Reference

  See AMƎŠA SPƎNTA.

• AMAL AL-ĀMEL

  J. van Ess

  biographical dictionary of Shiʿite (Etnāʿašarī) scholars originating from the Jabal ʿĀmel in south Lebanon, composed by Moḥammad b. Ḥasan b. ʿAlī Mašḡarī, known as Ḥorr-e ʿĀmelī (1033-1104/1624-1693).

• ʿAMALA

  P. Oberling

  (literally: workers, retainers), the retinue of a tribal chief, and the name of a number of tribes.

• AMĀMA

  Abu’l-Qāsem Tafażżolī

  (also ʿAmāma), a village in the Lavāsān district at a distance of 39 km north of Tehran, located in a mountainous area 2,230 m above sea level.

• ʿAMĀMA

  H. Algar

  (or ʿAMMĀMA, Arabic ʿEMĀMA), the turban. Imbued with symbolic significance, the turban was once the almost universal headgear of adult male Muslims. 

• AMĀN-E AFḠĀN

  I. V. Pourhadi

  newspaper of Afghanistan during the reign of King Amānallāh (1337-48/1919-29). 

• AMĀNALLĀH

  L. B. Poullada

  (1892-1961), ruler of Afghanistan (1919-29), first with the title of amir and from 1926 on with that of shah.  

• AMĀNAT

  M. Baqir

  12th/18th century poet in Persian who imitated the style of his teacher, Mīrzā ʿAbd-al-Qāder Bīdel.