Table of Contents

  • EAGLES

    Steven C. Anderson, William L. Hanaway, Jr.

    (Ar. and Pers. ʿoqāb; also obsolete Pers. dāl < Mid. Pers. dālman; also obsolete Pers. and Mid. Pers. āloh), large, diurnal, raptorial birds of the family Accipitridae in several genera (45-90 cm long, wingspan 110-250 cm).

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  • EARTH IN ZOROASTRIANISM

    Cross-Reference

    See ELEMENTS i.

  • EARTHQUAKES

    Daniel Balland, Habib Borjian, Xavier de Planhol, Manuel Berberian

    in Persia and Afghanistan. Both countries lie on the great alpine belt that extends from the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean through the Indonesian archipelago and forms the world’s longest collision boundary, between the Eurasian plate in the north and several former Gondwanan blocks in the south, including the so-called “Iranian plates” and “Afghan plates.”

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  • EAST AFRICA

    Mark Horton, Derek Nurse, Farouk Topan, Will. C. van den Hoonard

    Persian relations with the lands of the East African coast, particularly Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania. From early times monsoon winds have permitted rapid maritime travel between East Africa and Western Asia. Although large-scale Persian settlement in East Africa is unlikely Persian cultural and religious influences nonetheless were felt.

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  • EAST AND WEST

    Antonio Panaino

    an English language quarterly published since 1950 by IsMEO (Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente [Italian Institute for Middle and Far East]) and now by the IsIAO (Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente [Italian Institute for Africa and the Orient]).

  • EAST INDIA COMPANY (BRITISH)

    R. W. Ferrier, John R. Perry

    a trading company incorporated on 31 December 1600 for fifteen years with the primary purpose of exporting the staple production of English woolen cloths and importing the products of the East Indies.

  • EAST INDIA COMPANY (DUTCH)

    Cross-Reference

    See DUTCH-PERSIAN RELATIONS.

  • EAST INDIA COMPANY (FRENCH)

    Anne Kroell

    a company established in 1664 to conduct all French commercial operations with the Orient. 

  • EAST SYRIAN MONASTERIES IN SASANIAN IRAN

    Florence Jullien

    Traces of monastic foundations in Sasanian Iran can be found in the sources as early as the 4th century CE. In the present review of the main East Syrian monasteries, emphasis is on the reformed monastic settlements of the 6th-7th centuries.

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  • EASTERN IRANIAN LANGUAGES

    Nicholas Sims-Williams

    term used to refer to a group of Iranian languages most of which are or were spoken in lands to the east of the present state of Persia.