Table of Contents

• JEYḤUNĀBĀDI

  Mojan Membrado

  (1871-1920), ḤĀJJ NEʿMAT-ALLĀH MOKRI, an influential mystic whose stated mission was to collect and record the previously oral traditions of the Ahl-e Ḥaqq.

• JEZYA

  Vera B. Moreen

  the poll or capitation tax levied on members of non-Muslim monotheistic faith communities (Jews, Christians, and, eventually, Zoroastrians), who fell under the protection (ḏemma) of Muslim Arab conquerors.

• JIHAD

  cross-reference

  "holy war." See ISLAM IN IRAN xi. Jihad in Islam.

• JIHOṆIKA

  O. Bopearachchi

  a ruler in northwestern India known to us from his coins and an inscription (1st cent. CE).

• JIROFT

  Multiple Authors

  sub-province (šahrestān), town, and dam in Kerman Province. i. Geography. ii. Human geography and environment. iii. General survey of excavations. iv. Iconography of chlorite artifacts.

• JIROFT i. Geography of Jiroft Sub-Province

  M. Badanj and EIr.

  Located in the south of Kerman Province, the sub-province of Jiroft is bound by those of Kermān (north), Bam (east), ʿAnbarābād and Kahnuj (south), and Bāft (west).

• JIROFT ii. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT

  Eric Fouache

  Jiroft is the regional capital of the middle section of the Halil Rud valley, southern Kerman Province. The valley, oriented northwest to southeast, 400 km long, takes its source in the Zagros mountain range north of Jiroft and ends in the endorheic Jaz-murian basin.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• JIROFT iii. GENERAL SURVEY OF EXCAVATIONS

  Oscar White Muscarella

  All the artifacts known to date that are accorded the Jiroft label have not been excavated; they have in fact been plundered.

• JIROFT iv. ICONOGRAPHY OF CHLORITE ARTIFACTS

  Jean Perrot

  Technical variations, notably in the inlaying method of colored stones, point to the existence of several workshops. Considering style, the aesthetic ratio of the whole is comparatively high.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• JĪVAKAPUSTAKA

  Mauro Maggi

  a medical text in Sanskrit and Khotanese belonging to the Indian Ayurvedic tradition.

• JIWĀM

  Firoze M. Kotwal and Jamsheed K. Choksy

  “(consecrated) milk,” the designation for one of the organic items—now a mixture of milk and consecrated water—used in the  high or inner liturgical rituals of the Zoroastrians.

• JÑĀNOLKADHĀRAṆĪ

  Mauro Maggi

  “Spell of [the Buddha] Jñānolka,” the name of a short Buddhist text of the Mahayanist tradition containing two magic spells (dhāraṇī) aimed at the protection and deliverance of beings.

• JOBBĀʾI

  Sabine Schmidtke

  the name of two Muʿtazilite theologians, Abu ʿAli Moḥammad b. ʿAbd-al-Wahhāb (849-915) and his son Abu Hāšem ʿAbd-al-Salām (890-933).

• JOČI

  Michal Biran

  (in Persian and Turkic also Tuši, Duši, ca. 1184-1227), the eldest son of Čengiz Khan (d. 1227) and the ancestor of the khans of the Golden Horde, the westernmost Mongolian khanate.

• JOFT-E GĀV

  Cross-Reference

  "pair of oxen," term used in traditional farming system of Iran. See GĀVBAND.

• JOḠD

  cross-reference

  See BUF.

• JOLLĀBI, ABU’L-ḤASAN

  cross-reference

  See HOJVIRI, ABU’L-ḤASAN.

• JOMUR

  P. Oberling

  (also angl. Jumur), a small Sunnite Kurdish tribe of northern Lorestān.

• JONAS, Hans

  Kurt Rudolph

  In 1958 Jonas published The Gnostic Religion, which is a revised English version of his German study of gnosticism. He was a prolific author who wrote many books, essays, and articles on the philosophical problems of nature, organism, and technology. 

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• JONAYD

  Kathryn Babayan

  B. EBRĀHIM, a patrilineal descendant of Shaikh Ṣafi-al-Din (d. 1334), the founder of the Ṣafaviya order in Ardabil. Jonayd played the central role in expanding the membership of the order.