Table of Contents
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ĀLČĪ
D. O. Morgan
(“sealer”), a Turkish term (from āl “red seal”) designating an il-khanid chancery official.
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ALDANMIŠ KÄVAKEB
S. Soucek
Azeri Turkish title of a narrative by Āḵūndzāda (1812-78).
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ʿĀLEMPUR, Moḥyi-al-Din
Habib Borjian
(Muhiddin Olimpur/Olimov), Tajik journalist, photographer, and intellectual figure who was instrumental in strengthening cultural ties among Persianate societies (1945-1995).
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ALESSANDRI
A. M. Piemontese
(d. after 1595), Venetian secretary and diplomat, author of an important report on Safavid Persia.
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ALEXANDER OF LYCOPOLIS
G. Widengren
apparently a Neoplatonic philosopher living in Egypt about 300 CE.
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT
P. Briant
(356-323 B.C.). Ascending the throne of Macedonia on the assassination of his father Philip II in 336, Alexander quickly took up Philip’s grand scheme to land an army in Asia and “liberate the Greek cities from the Achaemenid yoke.”
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT ii. In Zoroastrian Tradition
F. M. Kotwal and P. G. Kreyenbroek
heritage of the Sasanian period includes two widely divergent storylines about Alexander, both of which were presumably transmitted by Zoroastrians and can therefore be labelled “Zoroastrian.”
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ALEXANDER, PRINCE
G. Bournoutian
(known in Persian as ESKANDAR MĪRZĀ), pro-Persian member of the royal family of Georgia (b. 1770, d. after 1830).
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ALEXANDRIA
P. Leriche
general designation of cities whose foundation is credited to Alexander the Great (356-23 B.C.).
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ALEXANDROPOLIS
P. Leriche
name of a number of cities. According to certain historians, these cities were founded after Alexander’s death; others call some of these same cities Alexandria.
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ALF LAYLA WA LAYLA
Ch. Pellat
“One thousand nights and one night,” Arabic title of the world-famous collection of tales known in English as The Arabian Nights.
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ALFARIC, PROSPER
H. C. Puech
(1876-1955), French historian of religions.
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ALFĪYA VA ŠALFĪYA
Cross-Reference
name given to illustrated books, in particular one by Azraqī, describing various kinds of sexual relationships between men and women. See AZRAQI.
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ʿALĪ ʿAJAMĪ
Cross-Reference
See ʿALĪ, ḴᵛĀJA.
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ʿALĪ AKBAR
J. Calmard
Imam Ḥosayn’s eldest son, killed at the age of 18, 19, or 25 at the battle of Karbalā on the day of ʿĀšūrā (10 Moḥarram 61/10 October 680).
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ʿALĪ AKBAR ḤOSAYNĪ ARDESTĀNĪ
K. A. Nizami
Indo-Muslim taḏkera writer, remembered solely for his unpublished Maǰmaʿ al-awlīāʾ, an encyclopedia of Sufi saints compiled in 1043/1633-34 and dedicated to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (1037-68/1628-58).
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ʿALĪ AKBAR ḴEṬĀʾĪ
T. Yazici
(15th-16th centuries), author of the Persian Ḵeṭāy-nāma or “Book of Cathay,” i.e., of China.
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ʿALĪ AKBAR ŠAHMĪRZĀDĪ
M. Momen
known as Ḥāǰǰ Āḵund, a prominent Iranian Bahāʾī (b. 1842).
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ʿALĪ AL-AʿLĀ
H. Algar
(d. 822/1419), also known as Amīr Sayyed ʿAlī, principal successor of Fażlallāh Astarābādī, founder of the Ḥorūfī sect.
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ʿALĪ AL-HĀDĪ
W. Madelung
the 10th imam of the Emāmī Shiʿites (d. 254/868).
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ʿALĪ AL-NAQĪ
Cross-Reference
IMAM. See ʿALĪ AL-HĀDĪ.
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ʿALĪ AL-REŻĀ
W. Madelung
the eighth Imam of the Emāmī Shiʿites.
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ʿALĪ ĀQĀ TABRĪZĪ, MIRZA
Cross-Reference
See ṮEQAT-AL-ESLĀM.
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ʿALĪ AṢḠAR
J. Calmard
Imam Ḥosayn’s youngest son, killed at Karbalā (10 Moḥarram 61/10 October 680).
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ʿALĪ AṢḠAR BORŪJERDĪ
L. P. Elwell-Sutton
author of several works including the ʿAqāʾed al-šīʿa, written in 1263/1874 and dedicated to Moḥammad Shah Qāǰār.
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ʿALĪ AṢḠAR ČEŠTĪ
K. A. Nizami
Mughal hagiographer, chiefly known for his Jawāher-e Farīdī, compiled in 1033/1623 during the reign of Jahāngīr (1014-37/1605-27).
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ʿALĪ B. ʿABBĀS MAJŪSĪ
L. Richter-Bernburg
physician from Fārs and author of an Arabic work on medicine (d. /994 [?]); probably the most important medical writer between Rāzī and Ebn Sīnā.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿABDALLĀH
Cross-Reference
See ʿALAWAYH AʿSAR.
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ʿALĪ B. ABĪ ṬĀLEB
I. K. Poonawala, E. Kohlberg
(b. ca. 600, d. 40/661), cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Moḥammad, first Shiʿite Imam, father of the Imams Ḥasan and Ḥosayn by Fāṭema, and fourth caliph (35-40/656-61).
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ʿALĪ B. AḤMAD BALḴĪ
D. Pingree
post-3rd/9th century astronomer.
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ʿALĪ B. ASAD
ʿA. Ḥabībī
(second half of the 11th cent.), the amir of Badaḵšān to whom Nāṣer(-e) Ḵosrow dedicated his Jāmeʿ al-ḥekmatayn
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ʿALĪ B. BŪYA
Cross-Reference
the eldest of three brothers who came to power in western Persia as military adventurers and founded the Buyid dynasty. See ʿEMĀD-AL-DAWLA.
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ʿALĪ B. FARĀMARZ
C. E. Bosworth
member of the Deylamī dynasty of the Kakuyids (d. 1095).
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ʿALĪ B. ḤĀMED
cross-reference
KŪFĪ. See ČĀČ-NĀMA.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤARB
C. E. Bosworth
(or ʿAlī b. ʿOṯmān b. Ḥarb), ephemeral Saffarid amir of the so-called “third Saffarid dynasty”.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤASAN
cross-reference
See ʿALĪTIGIN.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSĀM-AL-DAWLA
cross-reference
ŠAHRĪĀR. See ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ʿALĪ.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN AL-ŠARĪF
cross-reference
AL-MORTAŻĀ. See ʿALAM-AL-HODĀ.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN ANṢĀRĪ
cross-reference
See ZAYN-AL-DĪN ʿAṬṬĀR.
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ʿALĪ B. ḤOSAYN B. ʿALĪ B. ABĪ ṬĀLEB
W. Madelung
ZAYN-AL-ʿĀBEDĪN (d. ca. 712-13), the fourth Imam of the Emāmī Shiʿites.
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ʿALĪ B. IL-ARSLAN QARĪB
C. E. Bosworth
or ḴᵛĪŠĀVAND, ZAʿĪM-AL-ḤOJJĀB, Turkish military commander of the early Ghaznavids Maḥmūd, Moḥammad and Masʿūd I.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿĪSĀ B. DĀʾŪD
D. Sourdel
B. AL-JARRĀḤ (245-334/859-946), vizier during the reign of the caliph Moqtader (r. 908-32). His family was of Persian origin resident in Iraq.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿĪSĀ B. MĀHĀN
Ch. Pellat
(d. 812), officer in the service of the ʿAbbasids.
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ʿALĪ B. MAʾMŪN
C. E. Bosworth
ABU’L-ḤASAN, second Ḵᵛārazmšāh of the short-lived Maʾmunid dynasty in Ḵᵛārazm (r. 997-ca. 1008-09).
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ʿALĪ B. MASʿŪD
C. E. Bosworth
[I], BAHĀʾ-AL-DAWLA ABU’L-ḤASAN, Ghaznavid sultan, reigned briefly ca. 1048-49.
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ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD
cross-reference
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ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD B. ABĪ ṬĀHER
cross-reference
See ABŪ ṬĀHER.
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ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD B. ʿALĪ
cross-reference
ASTARĀBĀDĪ. See ŠARĪF JORJĀNĪ.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH
M. J. McDermott
B. ḤASAN ḤASKĀ B. ḤOSAYN B. ḤASAN B. ḤOSAYN, Shiʿite traditionist and biographer (b. 1110-11, d. after 1189).
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ʿALĪ B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH ṢĀDEQ
C. E. Bosworth
ABU’L ḤASAN (d. ca. 1040), Ghaznavid military commander under Sultan Masʿūd I.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿOMAR
cross-reference
KĀTEBĪ QAZVĪNĪ. See NAJM-AL-DĪN ʿALĪ.
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ʿALĪ B. ʿOṮMĀN
cross-reference
B. ḤARB. See ʿALĪ B. ḤARB.
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ʿALĪ B. OWAYS
J. M. Smith, Jr.
Jalayerid prince usually known as Šāhzāda Shaikh ʿAlī, one of the five sons of Oways I (r. 1356-74).
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ʿALĪ B. ŠAMS-AL-DĪN
W. Madelung
author of the Tārīḵ-e Ḵānī.
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ʿALĪ B. ŠOJĀʿ-AL-DĪN
cross-reference
See ʿALĀʾ-AL-DĪN ʿALĪ.
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ʿALĪ B. SOLṬĀN-MOḤAMMAD
A. Welch
MĪRZĀ, a master painter of the early Safavid period.
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ʿALĪ B. ṬAYFŪR
M. A. Nayeem
BESṬĀMĪ, historian and litterateur at the courts of Sultan ʿAbdallāh Qoṭbšāh (1626-72) and his successor Sultan Abu’l-Ḥasan (1672-86).
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ʿALĪ B. ZAYD
cross-reference
BAYHAQĪ. See BAYHAQĪ, ẒAHĪR-AL-DĪN.
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ʿALĪ BESṬĀMĪ
D. M. MacEoin
early Bābī ʿālem and member of the ḥorūf al-ḥayy or sābeqūn, the first followers of the Bāb.
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ʿALĪ DĀYA
Cross-Reference
See ʿALĪ B. ʿOBAYDALLĀH.
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ALĪ DYNASTY
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E ʿALĪ.
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ʿALĪ EBRĀHĪM KHAN
F. Lehmann
Indian statesman and literary figure (d. 1208/1793-94).
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ʿALĪ HAMADĀNĪ
Gerhard Böwering
full name: ʿALĪ B. ŠEHĀB-AL-DĪN B. MOḤAMMAD HAMADĀNĪ, MĪR SAYYED, surnamed ʿAlī-e Ṯānī, Šāh-e Hamadān, and Amīr-e Kabīr, major 8th/14th century Sufi saint.
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ʿALĪ HERAVĪ
P. P. Soucek
also known as MĪR ʿALĪ KĀTEB ḤOSAYNĪ, a calligrapher active in Herat, Mašhad, and Bukhara from the late 9/15th century to 951/1544-45.
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ʿALĪ KANĪ
H. Algar
MOLLĀ (1220-1306/1805-88), an influential and wealthy moǰtahed of Tehran who played a decisive role in obtaining the cancellation of the Reuter Concession in 1873.
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ALĪ KĀY
B. Hourcade
a semi-nomadic Gīlakī-speaking tribe that winters in the foothills of the central Alborz.
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ʿALĪ KHAN AMĪN AL-DAWLA, MĪRZĀ
Cross-Reference
MĪRZĀ. See AMĪN-AL-DAWLA.
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ʿALĪ KHAN ḤĀJEB-AL-DAWLA
H. Busse
Qajar official (1222-84/1807-08 to 1867).
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ALI KOSH
Cross-Reference
See ʿALĪKOŠ.
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ʿALI MARDĀN KHAN
Mehrnoush Soroush
(d. Lahore, 1657), military leader and administrator under Safavid kings Shah ʿAbbās I and Shah Ṣafi, and Mughal ruler Shah Jahān.
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ʿALĪ MĪRZĀ
R. M. Savory
(d. 899/1494), eldest son of Shaikh Ḥaydar, head of the Safavid ṭarīqa, and ʿAlamšāh Begom, daughter of the Āq Qoyunlū ruler Uzun Ḥasan.
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ʿALĪ MOTTAQĪ
M. Baqir
Saint and Hadith scholar of India (885-975/1481-1567).
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ʿALĪ QĀʾENĪ
P. P. Soucek
usually known as SOLṬĀN-ʿALĪ, calligrapher active in Herat and Tabrīz during the late 9th/15th and early 10th/16th centuries.
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ʿALĪ QĀʾENĪ
D. Pingree
mathematician.
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ʿĀLĪ QĀPŪ
P. P. Soucek
a five-storied building overlooking the Maydān-e Šāh of Isfahan..
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ʿALĪ QŪŠJĪ
F. Rahman, D. Pingree
(QŪŠJŪ), theologian and scientist (d. 879/1474).
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ʿALĪ TABRĪZĪ (calligrapher)
P. P. Soucek
(or MĪR ʿALĪ TABRĪZĪ), 8th/14th century calligrapher who is often credited with the invention of the nastaʿlīq script.
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ʿALĪ TABRĪZĪ (woodcarver)
H. Crane
15th-century woodcarver.
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ʿALĪ, AMĪR SAYYED
Cross-Reference
See ʿALĪ AL-AʿLĀ.
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ʿALĪ, ḴᵛĀJA
H. Horst
also known as SAYYED ʿALĪ ʿAJAMĪ (b. ca. 770/1368-69, d. 830/1427 or 832/1429), an ancestor of the Safavid royal family, the son of Shaikh Ṣadr-al-dīn and grandson of Shaikh Ṣafī-al-dīn Ardabīlī.
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ʿĀLĪ, NEʿMAT KHAN
M. U. Memon
Satirist, historian, and Persian poet of Mughal India (d. 1121/1709-10).
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ʿALĪʾ-AL-DĪN ATSÏZ
C. E. Bosworth
a late and short-reigned sultan of the Ghurid dynasty in Afghanistan (607-11/1210-14).
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ʿALĪ-AṢḠAR KHAN AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN
Cross-Reference
See ATĀBAK-E AʿẒAM.
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ʿALĪ-MOḤAMMAD KHAN BAHĀDOR
Hameed ud-Din
Historian of the Mughals and author of Merʾāt-e Aḥmadī (ca. 1111/1700-1177/1763).
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ʿALĪ-MOḤAMMAD ḴORĀSĀNĪ
Cross-Reference
MĪRZĀ. See EBN AṢDAQ.
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ʿALĪ-MOḤAMMAD ŠĪRĀZĪ
Cross-Reference
See BĀBISM.
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ʿALĪ-MOḤAMMAD VARQĀ
Cross-Reference
See VARQĀ, ʿALI-MOḤAMMAD.
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ʿALĪ-MORĀD KHAN ZAND
J. R. Perry
(r. 1195-99/1781-85), fourth of the Zand rulers.
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ʿALĪ-NAQĪ
R. Skelton
a Safavid miniature painter, whose works follow the manner of his father, Shaikh ʿAbbāsī; he is known from the inscriptions on seven paintings dated between 1684-85 and 1700-01.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ JOBBA-DĀR
P. P. Soucek
painter active in Qazvīn and Isfahan during the late 11th/17th and early 12th/18th centuries.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN (MOṢṬAFĀ PASHA)
D. M. Lang
later known as MOṢṬAFĀ PASHA (ca. 1680-1727), Safavid (later Ottoman) wālī or viceroy of Kʿarṭʿli (Georgia), residing at Tiflis.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN
A. Amanat
(d. 1240/1824-25), the youngest of nine sons of Moḥammad Ḥasan Khan Qāǰār and half brother of Āḡā (more correctly Āqā) Moḥammad Khan.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN AFŠĀR
Cross-Reference
See ʿĀDEL SHAH.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN ANṢĀRĪ
Cross-Reference
See ANṢĀRĪ.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN MOḴBER-AL-DAWLA
Cross-Reference
See MOḴBER-AL-DAWLA.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN ŠĀMLŪ
R. N. Savory
(d. 977/1589), Safavid governor of Herat and guardian of the future Shah ʿAbbās I.
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ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN WĀLEH
W. Kirmani
Persian poet at the Mughal court (1124-69/1712-56).
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ʿALĪ-REŻĀ ABBĀSĪ
P. P. Soucek
10th-11th/16th-17th century calligrapher born and trained in Tabrīz but active principally in Qazvīn and Isfahan.
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ʿALĪ-REŻĀ KHAN QĀJĀR
Cross-Reference
See AŻOD-AL-MOLK.
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ʿALĪ-ŠĪR NAVĀʾĪ, AMĪR
Cross-Reference
See NAVĀʾĪ.