Table of Contents
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MOZAFFARIDS
Patrick Wing
(Āl-e Moẓaffar), family of governors of Yazd under the Il-Khanids, who expanded their domain after the collapse of the Il-Khanid power and established the Mozaffarid dynasty in Yazd, Kerman, Fars, and ʿErāq-e ʿAjam, which endured until its destruction by Timur (Tamerlane).
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MUGH, MOUNT
Gregory Semenov
site of the 7th-8th-century refuge of the rulers of Panjikant in Sogdiana, where an important archive of documents written in Sogdian was discovered in the 1930s.
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MUHAMMADIEV, Fazliddin
Keith Hitchins
Tajik writer (1928-1986). Numerous works of his were translated into Russian and other languages of the Soviet Union and of Eastern Europe.
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MÜLLER, FRIEDRICH
Rüdiger Schmitt
(1834-1898), Austrian scholar of linguistics and ethnography. He was the founder and main advocate of the so-called “linguistic ethnography.” He worked on a genealogical classification and a description of all the languages around the globe known at his time (and often examined for the first time by himself).
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MÜLLER, Friedrich W. K.
Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst
(1863-1930), scholar of Oriental cultures and languages; he was able to make groundbreaking discoveries and to make a major contribution to the establishment of the philological and historical study of texts in Middle Iranian and Old Turkish and to the study of original Manichean texts.
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MUNICH, PERSIAN ART IN
Avinoam Shalem
The collecting of Persian art in Munich goes back at least to the reign of Duke Albrecht V (r. 1516-75). Artifacts of oriental origin were mainly registered as exotica. For example, between 1545 and 1550, Hans Mielich (1516-73), the court painter of Albrecht V, provided the duke with an illustrated inventory of the varied treasures in the court.
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MURAL PAINTING
Sheila R. Canby
Early examples of mural painting are at sites on the western and eastern fringes of the Iranian world, such as Dura Europos, Syria, and Kuh-e Ḵˇāja in Sistān, where wall paintings range from the late Parthian to the late Sasanian period.
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MUSĀ YABḠU
Osman G. Özgüdenli
the eponymous strongman of a Ḡozz clan, whose nephew Toḡrel founded the Saljuq dynasty.
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MUSHFIQI, ABDURAHMON
Keith Hitchins
(Mošfeqi, ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān), Tajik poet (1525-1588).
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MUSHKI, TALL-E
Yoshihiro Nishiaki
an early Pottery Neolithic site in Fars Province, southwest Iran. Located approximately 11 km southeast of Persepolis, this eponymous site for the Mushki culture forms a small and low mound.
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MUSIC HISTORY i. Pre-Islamic Iran
Bo Lawergren
The documentation is largely archeological with a sprinkling of textual sources, and some evidence is here assembled to outline Iran’s pre-Islamic music history.
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MUSIC HISTORY ii. CA. 650 TO 1370 CE
Eckhard Neubauer
When in 31/651 Yazdgerd III, the last Sasanian king, left Iran, fleeing from the Arab troops, he took with him “1,000 cooks and 1,000 musicians.”
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Marsiye Ḵāni
music sample
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Menu of Music Samples
music sample
a collection of music samples with their related entries on The Encyclopaedia Iranica.
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Mirqambar
music sample
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Mowlūd Ḵvāni in Mināb
music sample
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M~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Cross-Reference
list of all the figure and plate images in the letter M entries.