Table of Contents

• BĀQER KHAN SĀLĀR-E MELLI

  A. Amanat

  one of the popular heroes of the Constitutional Revolution during the defense of Tabrīz in the period of the Lesser Autocracy (June, 1908-July, 1909).

• BĀQER, ABŪ JAʿFAR MOḤAMMAD

  W. Madelung

  The fifth imam of the Twelver Shiʿites (7th-8th century).

• BĀQĪBELLĀH NAQŠBANDĪ

  J. G. J. Ter Haar

  (d. 1603), ḴᵛĀJA ABU’L-MOʾAYYAD RAŻĪ-AL-DĪN OWAYSĪ; As a Naqšbandi, he represents the sober type of Sufi, adhering to the Islamic law (šarīʿa) and averse to ecstatic mystical experiences.

• BĀQLAVĀ

  W. Eilers, N. Ramazani

  i. The word. ii. The sweet. Bāqlavā is a sweet pastry known throughout the Middle East, in Iran commonly made with almonds (bādām), less frequently with pistachios (pesta).

• BAQLĪ, RŪZBEHĀN

  cross-reference

  SHAIKH. See RŪZBEHĀN.

• BAQQĀL-BĀZĪ

  F. Gaffary

  (lit. grocer play), a form of improvised, popular slapstick comedy; it is distinguished among the various forms of popular comedy in Iran by its own set of rules.

• BĀR

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh, Ḥ. Farhūdī

  “audience.” The royal audience was one of the most important and enduring of the court ceremonies practiced in Iran.  i. From the Achaemenid through the Safavid period.  ii. The Qajar and Pahlavi periods.

• BAR HEBRAEUS

  Cross-Reference

  (b. Malaṭīa, 1225; d. Marāḡa, 1286), Syriac historian and polymath. See EBN AL-ʿEBRĪ, ABU’L-FARAJ.

• BAR KŌNAY, THEODORE

  J. P. Asmussen

  8th-9th-century Nestorian teacher and writer from Kaškar in Mesopotamia. His The Book of Scholiais notable for its sections on Zarathustra and Mani.

• BAR-E MEHR

  cross-reference

  a fire temple in Yazd. See DAR-E MEHR.