Table of Contents
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PANDIYĀT-E JAVĀNMARDI
Farhad Daftary
a Nezāri Ismaʿili book originally written in Persian and containing the sermons or religious admonitions to the true believers, seeking exemplary standards of ethical behavior and spiritual chivalry.
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PANJIKANT
Boris I. Marshak
Sogdian city, the ruins of which are located south of present-day Panjakent in western Tajikistan. Archeological excavations show that this city, situated on the rim of a high terrace overlooking a well irrigated valley, was founded in the 5th century C.E. and was inhabited until the 770s.
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PAPER
Multiple Authors
writing material invented in China that spread throughout Asia and to Iran in the pre-Islamic period.
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PAPER i. Paper in the Iranian World Prior to Printing
Jonathan Bloom
its use in Iran prior to the introduction of printing.
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PAPER ii. Paper and Papermaking
Willem Floor
In the 16th and 17th centuries, paper production took place in Persia in Isfahan, Yazd, and Kerman, and in the 18th century probably in Rasht. In the 19th century it is known to have taken place in Tehran, Isfahan, Kerman, and Mashad.
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PARI
Cross-Reference
“fairy.” See PAIRIKĀ.
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PARIḴĀN ḴĀNOM
Manučehr Pārsādust
(1548-1578), the second daughter of Shah Ṭahmāsp I, a politically influential and colorful figure at the Safavid court.
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PARMENIO
Ernst Badian
(b. ca. 400 BCE, d. 330 BCE); probably from mountainous Upper Macedonia, he became Philip II’s most successful general.
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PARSI COMMUNITIES i. EARLY HISTORY
John R. Hinnells
The creation of a Parsi settlement in India was the outcome of the migration of Zoroastrian refugees from their original homeland in medieval Islamic Persia.
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PARSI COMMUNITIES ii. IN CALCUTTA
Jesse S. Palsetia
Calcutta became a center of Parsi settlement from the 18th century. Dadabhoy Behramji Banaji is recorded as the first Parsi to have come to Calcutta from Surat in western India in 1767.