Table of Contents
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ḎŪ QĀR
Ella Landau-Tasseron
watering place near Kūfa in Iraq where a battle was fought between Arab tribesmen and Persian forces in the early 7th century.
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ḎŪ-BAḤRAYN
Sīrūs Šamīsā
a term in Persian and Arabic prosody designating a poem that can be scanned according to two or more different meters (baḥr).
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DUALISM
Gherardo Gnoli
feature peculiar to Iranian religion in ancient and medieval times.
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DUBAI
Sussan Siavoshi
(Dobayy), second largest of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) on the southern shores of the Persian Gulf.
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DUCHESNE-GUILLEMIN, JACQUES
Pierre Lecoq
(1910-2012), distinguished scholar of classical philology and Indo-Iranian studies.
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DUCK
Hūšang Aʿlam
technically any species of the family Anatidae but in Persian popular usage including similar waterfowl from other families, particularly some geese and grebes.
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DŪḠ
M. R. Ghanoonparvar
beverage made of yogurt and plain or carbonated water and often served chilled as a refreshing summer drink or with meals, especially with kebabs or čelow-kabāb.
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DŪḠ-E WAḤDAT
Mahmoud Omidsalar
lit. “beverage of unity”; concoction made from adding hashish extract (jowhar-e ḥaīš) to diluted yogurt.
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DUGDŌW
D. N. MacKenzie
the name of Zoroaster’s mother, which appears in several different spellings in the Pahlavi texts, mostly more or less corrupted from an original attempt at representing the Avestan form.
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ḎU’L-AKTĀF
Cross-Reference
See Šāpur II.
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ḎU’L-FAQĀR
Jean Calmard
lit., “provided with notches, grooves, vertebrae”; the miraculous sword of Imam ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭāleb, with two blades or points, which became a symbol of his courage on the battlefield.
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ḎU’L-FAQĀR KHAN AFŠĀR
J. R. PERRY
governor (ḥākem) of Ḵamsa province (ca. 1763-80) under the Zand dynasty.
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ḎU’L-FAQĀR ŠĪRVĀNĪ
Moḥammad Dabīrsīāqī
MALEK-AL-ŠOʿARĀ QEWĀM-AL-DĪN ḤOSAYN b. Ṣadr-al-Dīn ʿAlī (d. ca. 691/1291), Persian poet and panegyrist of the Il-khanid period.
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ḎU’L-JANĀḤ
Jean Calmard
Imam Ḥosayn’s winged horse, known from popular literature and rituals.
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ḎU’L-LESĀNAYN
Hamid Algar
lit. “possessor of two tongues”; epithet often bestowed upon bilingual poets.
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ḎU’L-NŪN MEṢRĪ, ABU’L-FAYŻ ṮAWBĀN
Gerhard Böwering
b. Ebrāhīm (b. Aḵmīm in Upper Egypt, ca. 791, d. Jīza [Giza], between 859 and 862), early Sufi master.
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ḎU’L-QADR
Pierre Oberling
(arabicized form of Turk. Dulgadır), a Ḡozz tribe that became established mainly in southeastern Anatolia under the Saljuqs.
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DU’L-QARNAYN
Cross-Reference
See ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
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ḎU’L-RĪĀSATAYN
Cross-Reference
See FAŻL B. SAHL.
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ḎU’L-RĪĀSATAYN
Hamid Algar
(b. Shiraz, 1873, d. Tehran, 15 June 1953), for thirty years qoṭb (leader) of a principal branch of the Neʿmatallāhī Sufi order.