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  • BAHĀR (1)

    Ḡ.-Ḥ. Yūsofī

    a Persian literary, scientific, political, and social-affairs monthly, 1910-11, 1921-22. Bahār represented a departure from traditional Persian journalism; readers found its willingness to discuss contemporary literature and literary criticism a refreshing change.

  • BAHĀR-E KESRĀ

    M. G. Morony

    “The spring of Ḵosrow,” one of the names of a huge, late Sasanian royal carpet measuring 60 cubits (araš, ḏerāʿ) square (ca. 27 m x 27 m). It was divided among the conquering Muslims after Madāʾen was captured in 637.

  • BAHĀR (2)

    Esmāʿil Jassim

    a newspaper founded by Shaikh Aḥmad Tehrāni (d. 1957), known as Aḥmad Bahār, in 1917, in Mašhad.

  • DĀNEŠKADA

    Nassereddin Parvin

    a monthly literary journal published from April 1918 to April 1919 in Tehran by the distinguished poet, literary critic, and scholar Moḥammad-Taqi Malek-al-Šoʿarāʾ Bahār, considered the leading Persian literary figure of his time.

  • DABESTĀN JOURNAL

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (“school”), Persian monthly cultural journal published in Mašhad, 1922-27. 

  • FISH iii. IN PRE-ISLAMIC PERSIAN LORE

    Hušang Aʿlam

    The Bundahišn contains interesting pseudo-scientific, mythical, and sometimes inconsistent information about fishes.

  • BAŠŠĀR-E MARḠAZĪ

    Z. Safa

    a Persian poet of the 10th century, apparently from Marv in Khorasan.

  • FARĪBORZ

    Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

    son of Key Kāvūs.

  • FARĀMARZ

    Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

    son of Iran’s national hero Rostam, and himself a renowned hero of the Iranian national epic whose adventures were very popular, especially during the 10th and 11th centuries.

  • GANJ-E BĀDĀVARD

    Mahmoud Omidsalar

    (the treasure brought by the wind), name of one of the eight treasures of the Sasanian Ḵosrow II Parvēz (r. 591-628 C.E.) according to most Persian sources.

  • KAYĀNIĀN xiii. Synchronism of the Kayanids and Near Eastern History

    Prods Oktor Skjærvø

    The desire of the medieval historians to fit all the ancient narratives into one and the same chronological description of world history from the creation led them to coordinate the Biblical, Classical, and Iranian sources.

  • ḤOQUQ-E EMRUZ

    Nassereddin Parvin

    a journal published irregularly in Tehran, 1963-76.

  • BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF IRAN

    Valiolla Mozaffarian

    (Žurnāl-e giāhšenāsi-e Irān), begun in 1976 as an outcome of the National Botanical Garden of Iran. The contributions are in English with brief abstracts in Persian.

  • ĀYANDA

    Ī. Afšār

    Persian journal which began publication in Tīr, 1304 Š./June-July, 1925, under the editorship of its founder, Maḥmūd Afšār (1893-1983).

  • ĒRĀN-ŠĀD-KAWĀD

    Rika Gyselen

    name of a Sasanian town occurring in post-Sasanian sources only.

  • IRANSHENASI

    Abbas Milani

    a journal of Iranian studies, began publication under the editorship of Jalāl Matini and with the help of generous Iranians who have been willing to subsidize it since the spring of 1989, when its first issue was published.

  • ṢADĀ-YE EṢFAHĀN

    Nassereddin Parvin

    weekly newspaper published in Isfahan (6 March 1921 to April/May 1944, with lengthy interruptions). 

  • ABU’L-MOʾAYYAD BALḴĪ

    G. Lazard

    An early Persian poet and writer of the Samanid period, whose works have almost entirely disappeared.

  • KĀŠEF ŠIRĀZI

    J. T . P. de Bruijn

    Persian writer on ethics and poet of the Safavid period (b. Karbalā, ca. 1592; d. Ray, ca. 1653). 

  • DĀRĀ(B) (1)

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    or DĀRĀB, the name of two kings of the legendary Kayanid dynasty.

  • BĀZRANGĪ

    Richard N. Frye

    the family name of a dynasty of petty rulers in Fārs overthrown during the rise of the Sasanians.

  • AMĪRAK BALʿAMĪ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    name given to ABŪ ʿALĪ MOḤAMMAD, vizier of the Samanids.

  • GOWHAR

    Nasereddin Parvin

    a cultural journal published monthly from January 1973 to December 1978 (issue no. 72) of the philanthropic organization of Mortażā Nuriāni.

  • BARRASĪHĀ-YE TĀRĪḴĪ

    N. Parvīn

    journal of historical studies of Iran, 1966-78. Some of the articles, particularly those bearing on the eighteenth and nineteenth cen­turies and descriptive geography, were well researched and original. The journal also published a number of historical documents.

  • ʿENĀYAT-ALLĀH KANBO

    Iqtidar Husain Siddiqi

    (b. Burhanpur, 31 August 1608; d. Delhi, 23 September 1671), Sufi and scholar, descendant of an old respected Lahore family that had converted to Islam in Punjab.

  • DEŽ-E GONBADĀN

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    lit. "fortress of Gonbadān"; a fortress where the Iranian hero Esfandīār, son of the Kayānian king Goštāsb, was imprisoned.

  • ABU’L-ʿABBĀS MARVAZĪ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    Sufi, jurist, and traditionist, one of the first poets to write in New Persian. 

  • IRAN AND THE CAUCASUS

    Victoria Arakelova

    the annual international academic journal of the Caucasian Center for Iranian Studies, Yerevan (CCIS), founded in 1997.

  • DERĀZ-DAST

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    having long hands.

  • DAʿWAT-E ESLĀMĪ

    Nassereddin Parvin

    lit. "the Islamic call"; a monthly religious journal published in Kermānšāh from November-December 1927 to June 1936.

  • BĀḴTAR (2)

    N. Parvīn

    name of an educational magazine (Isfahan, 1933-35) and a political newspaper (Isfahan and Tehran, 1935-45).

  • ḤĀJI FIRUZ

    Mahmoud Omidsalar

    a prominent type of traditional folk entertainer, who appears as a street performer in the days preceding Nowruz. The Ḥāji Firuz entertains passers-by by singing traditional songs and dancing and playing his tambourine for a few coins.

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  • BĀMDĀD-E ROWŠAN

    N. Parvīn

    a Persian journal of news and political comment published in Tehran, 1915-24.

  • GOL-E ZARD

    Nassereddin Parvin

    literary, socio-satirical newspaper, published 1918-1924.

  • SABKŠENĀSI

    Matthew Smith

    the title of a book by Malek al-Šoʿarā Moḥammad Taqi Bahār first published in 1942.

  • ĀTAŠ Journal

    N. Parvīn

    (Fire), a Persian journal of news and political comment, published in Tehran, 1946-60.

  • DEŽ-E RŪYĪN

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    or Rūyīn-dež, lit. "brazen fortress"; castle belonging to the Turanian king Arjāsb and conquered by Esfandīār, son of the Kayanid king Goštāsb.

  • NASIM-e ŠEMĀL

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (in popular parlance, Nasim-e šomāl; Breeze of the North), one of the best-known and most popular periodicals in the history of Iranian journalism.

  • IRAN-NAMEH

    Vahe Boyajian

    journal of Oriental studies, founded in Yerevan, Armenia, in May 1993 as a scholarly monthly publication in the Armenian language.

  • ĀRYĀNĀ

    ʿA. Ḥabībī

    Bulletin of the Historical Society of Afghanistan.  

  • JĀN MOḤAMMAD KHAN

    Bāqer ʿĀqeli

    (1886-1951), AMIR ʿALĀʾI, brigadier general and commander of Khorasan army during the early Reżā Shah period, noted for his ruthlessness but eventually undone due to a mutiny of unpaid troops.

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  • FREEMASONRY v. In Exile

    Hasan Azinfar, M.-T. Eskandari, and Edward Joseph

    Many master Masons managed to leave the country legally or illegally and emigrated to Europe, Canada, and the United States.

  • HOMĀY ČEHRZĀD

    Jalil Doostkhah

    according to Iranian traditional history, a Kayānid queen; she was daughter, wife, and successor to the throne of Bahman, son of Esfandiār.

  • ʿAJĀʾEB AL-DONYĀ

    L. P. Smirnova

    (“Wonders of the world” or “Wonderful things”), title of a Persian geography.

  • ḤEFẒ AL-ṢEḤḤA

    Nasseredin Parvin

    the first Iranian medical journal, published as a  monthly during 1906.

  • DĀNEŠKADA-YE EṢFAHĀN

    N. Parvin

    a monthly literary journal and the organ of a society of the same name, published in two series in Isfahan by the poet and calligrapher Mirzā ʿAbbās Khan Dehkordi Šeydā (1882-1949).

  • MAJALLA-ye RASMI-e ṮABT

    Nassereddin Parvin

    official journal of the Ministry of Justice from 1928.

  • ʿAṢR-E JADĪD

    N. Parvīn

    (New era), the name of several journals and a magazine published in Iran at various times.

  • DARGĀHĪ, MOḤAMMAD

    Bāqer ʿĀqelī

    (b. Zanjān, 1899, d. Tehran, 1952), first chief of the state police under Reżā Shah.

  • BĪṬARAF

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (The impartial), a news and political affairs journal published in Persian and French in Tehran (1913-14).

  • NĀMA-YE BĀNOVĀN-E IRĀN

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (The journal of the women of Iran), a weekly paper published in Tehran from Farvard in 1317 until Tir 1319 Š. (March 1938-June 1940).

  • DORRAT AL-NAJAF

    Nassereddin Parvin

    lit. "Pearl of Najaf"; monthly religious journal published in Persian at Najaf in southern Iraq at the end of the first decade of the 20th century.

  • BAHĀR, MOḤAMMAD-TAQĪ

    M. B. Loraine, J. Matīnī

    poet, scholar, journalist, politician, and historian (1886-1951). i. Life and work. ii. Bahār as a poet.

  • ABŪ ʿALĪ BALḴĪ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    author of a Šāh-nāma, according to Bīrūnī (Āṯār al-bāqīa, pp. 99f.).

  • BĪDERAFŠ

    Aḥmad Tafażżolī

    in the traditional history, a Turanian hero of the army of Arjāsp.

  • MORḠ-E SAḤAR

    Morteza Hosayni Dehkordi and Parvin Loloi

    (Dawn bird), a taṣnif (song) in māhur mode,  probably written for its music around 1921, when the first signs of dictatorship were appearing.

  • ʿAJEZ, NARAYAN KAUL

    A. Mattoo

    Kashmiri Brahman of the 17th-18th centuries, a poet and compiler of Moḵtaṣar-e tārīḵ-e Kašmīr (1710-11).

  • ĀZĀDĪ

    N. Parvīn

    (Freedom), the name of the several Persian journals.

  • FALĀḴAN

    Parviz Mohebbi

    a sling.

  • FAYYĀŻ, ʿALĪ-AKBAR MAJĪDĪ

    Jalāl Matīnī

    Fayyāż remained an indefatigable scholar all his life, combining his profound knowledge of traditional Islamic sciences and Persian literature with modern methodology in scholarship and literary criticism.

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  • ĒRĀN-XWARRAH-ŠĀBUHR

    Rika Gyselen

    lit. "Ērān, glory of Šāpūr"; Sasanian province (šahrestān) containing Susa and probably created by Šāpūr II (r. 309-379).

  • ČĀH-BAHĀR

    Eckart Ehlers

    Name of a town and bay on the Makrān coast of Persian Baluchistan facing the coast of Oman.

  • GĒV

    Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

    one of the foremost heroes of the national epic in the reigns of Kay Kāvūs and Kay Ḵosrow.

  • ŠARQ

    Nasserddin Parvin

    a literary journal published occasionally in Tehran between 1924 and 1932.

  • DAʿWAT AL-ESLĀM

    Nassereddin Parvin

    A biweekly Persian journal published in Bombay by Ḥājj Sayyed Moḥammad Dāʿī-al-Eslām from 19 October 1906 until the end of 1909.

  • FOX ii. IN PERSIA

    Mahmoud and Teresa Omidsalar

    In pre-Islamic Iran, the fox was considered as one of the ten varieties of dog, created against a demon called xabag dēw. In Islam, although consuming fox flesh is forbidden by most schools of law, medicinal use of various parts of the fox’s body is allowed for treatment of a variety of conditions.

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  • FERDOWSI, ABU’L-QĀSEM ii. Hajw-nāma

    Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

    Hajw-nāma is the title of a verse lampoon of Sultan Maḥmūd of Ḡazna attributed to Ferdowsī. According to Neẓāmī ʿArūżī, after Ferdowsī presented his Šāh-nāma, the sultan used the pretext of the poet’s alleged Muʿtazilite and Shiʿite orientation to give him only twenty thousand dirhams as the reward for the epic.

  • ʿAṢR-E ENQELĀB

    N. Parvīn

    a journal of news and political comment published at Tehran in 1333-1915.

  • ḤOQUQ

    Nassereddin Parvin

    the name of various 20th-century periodicals in Iran and Afghanistan.

  • BEŠĀRAT

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (Glad tidings), a weekly Persian journal of news and political comment, Mašhad, 1907.

  • BĀBAK

    Touraj Daryaee

    reformer of the Sasanian military and in charge of the department of the warriors (Diwān al-moqātela) during the reign of Ḵosrow I Anušervān in the 6th century CE. 

  • DEFRÉMERY, Charles-François

    Francis Richard

    (b. Cambray, France, 18 December 1822, d. St.-Valéry-en Caux, France, 18 August 1883), French orientalist and scholar.

  • FARHANG-E ĀNANDRĀJ

    Solomon Baevskiĭ

    a dictionary of the Persian language named in honor of the maharaja Ānand Gajapatī Rāj, the nineteenth century ruler of Vijayanagar in South India.

  • GOSTAHAM

    Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

    name of two heroes in the Šāh-nāma.

  • AMĪRAK ṬŪSĪ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    4th/10th century notable of the ʿAbd-al-Razzāqī family of Ṭūs.

  • TĀRIḴ-E SISTĀN

    C. E. Bosworth

    an anonymous local history in Persian of the eastern Iranian region of Sistān, the region that straddles the modern Iran-Afghanistan border. It forms a notable example of the flourishing genre of local histories in the pre-modern Iranian lands.

  • BAHMAN-NĀMA

    W. L. Hanaway, Jr.

    epic poem in Persian of about 9,500 lines recounting the adventures of Bahman son of Esfandīār.

  • IRĀN newspapers

    Nassereddin Parvin

    title of five newspapers, of which four were published in Persia and one in Baghdad, Iraq.

  • FERDOWSI, ABU’L-QĀSEM iv. MILLENARY CELEBRATION

    A. Shahpur Shahbazi

    Already in 1922 Moḥammad-Taqī Bahār, the most influential poet of the time and a politician-journalist, urged Reżā Khan (later Reżā Shah), who had recently seized power, to prove his asserted nationalism by celebrating Ferdowsī.

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  • RAHAVARD

    Ḡafur Mirzāʾi

    one of the first Persian periodicals published by the Iranian community in the United States after the Iranian revolution of 1979.

  • FORŪD (2)

    Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

    or Ferōd; son of Sīāvaḵš and half brother of Kay Ḵosrow.

  • ELAHI, BIJAN

    Mahdi Ganjavi

    (1945-2010), modernist Persian poet and translator.

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  • CROWN PRINCE

    A. Shapur Shahbazi

    the officially recognized heir apparent to the throne.

  • BŪRĀN

    Ihsan Abbas

    (Middle Pers. Bōrān) also called Ḵadīja (807-84), wife of al-Maʾmūn and daughter of Ḥasan b. Sahl, probably so named after the Sasanian queen Bōrān.

  • MAKRĀN

    C. E. Bosworth

    (also Mokrān) the coastal region of Baluchistan, extending from the Somniani Bay to the northwest of Karachi in the east westwards to the fringes of the region of Bashkardia/Bāšgerd in the southern part of the Sistān and Balučestān province of modern Iran.

  • AMIR-ṬAHMĀSEBI, ʿAbd-Allāh

    Bāqer ʿĀqeli

    Amir-Ṭahmāsebi disarmed the tribes in Azerbaijan and restored security particularly in areas around Ardebil, Ahar and Mešgin-šahr, where the Šāhsavan tribes had exercised their arbitrary and oppressive rule unchecked for years.

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  • HOJIR

    A. Shapur Shahbazi

    in traditional Iranian history, a hero who guarded the Dež-e Sapid “White Fort” on the border of Iran and Turān.

  • FERDOWSĪ MAGAZINE

    Esmail Nooriala

    the name of two periodicals, a bi-monthly and a weekly magazine published in Tehran.

  • PHILATELY vi. POSTAL HISTORY

    Mano Amarloui

    To stop the spread of certain information, postal matter were, at times, strictly controlled. Not all mail was opened, but special attention was paid to particular senders and addressees. To legitimize censorship, special censor marks were applied on envelopes.

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  • ḴALḴĀLI, Sayyed ʿAbd-al-Raḥim

    Hushang Ettehad and EIr

    Ḵalḵāli remained, to the end of his life, a loyal member of the democratic current and a close confidant of Sayyed Ḥasan Taqizādeh, the leader of the Social Democratic Party (Ferqa-ye ejtemāʿiyun-e ʿāmmiyun) in the First Majles (1906-08), and later of Iran’s Democrat Party (Ferqa-ye demokrāt-e Irān) in the Second Majles.

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  • EDMONDS, C. J

    Yann RICHARD

    The son of a British missionary, Edmonds was born in Japan, where he stayed up to the age of eight. He was educated in England at Bedford and Christ’s Hospital public schools and finally studied oriental languages at Cambridge under the supervision of E. G. Browne for two years.

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  • RAM, Emad

    Morteżā Ḥoseyni Dehkordi

    (1931-2003), composer, vocalist, and flute player.

  • KAYĀNIĀN iv. “Minor” Kayanids

    Prods Oktor Skjærvø

    The Avesta contains no information on Aipi.vahu, Aršan, Pisinah, and Biiaršan, but, according to the Pahlavi tradition, Abīweh was the son of Kawād and the father of Arš, Biyarš (spelled <byʾlš>), Pisīn, and Kāyus.

  • SHEYBANI, MANUCHEHR

    Saeid Rezvani

    poet, painter, filmmaker, and dramatist.

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  • ḤAZIN LĀHIJI

    John R. Perry

    Persian poet and scholar (1692-1766), emblematic of the cultivated Shiʿite mirzā of Safavid and post-Safavid Iran who fled a politically dangerous and economically depressed milieu for the courts of Muslim India.

  • MOJMAL AL-TAWĀRIḴ WA’L-QEṢAṢ

    Siegfried Weber and Dagmar Riedel

    an anonymous chronicle from the 12th century in the Persian tradition of literary historiography. The work concentrates on the Persian rulers before the advent of Islam, the Muslim conquests, and events related to Hamadān, indicating that the work probably originated there.

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  • HOLDICH, THOMAS HUNGERFORD

    Denis Wright

    As head of the Baluchistan Survey Party from 1883, Holdich organized surveys of south Baluchistan and Makran. In 1884 he headed the Russo-Afghan Boundary Commission’s survey party; in 1896 he was chief British Commissioner on the Perso-Baluch Boundary Commission.

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  • IRAN NAMEH

    Abbas Milani

    the oldest post-Islamic Revolution scholarly journal published since 1982 by the Iranian Diaspora.

  • IRĀNŠAHR (4)

    Jamshid Behnam

    monthly Persian journal, published in forty-eight issues in Berlin by Ḥosayn Kāẓemzāda Irānšahr,  June 1922 to February 1927. Two principal tendencies can be distinguished in these articles:  a strong interest in ancient Persia and its language and culture, and belief in the potency of a nationalistic spirit.

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  • HUR

    Nassereddin Parvin

    name of a newspaper (1943-45) and a bilingual (Persian and Armenian) monthly journal (1971-74).