Table of Contents

• OAK

  Cross-Reference

  See BALŪṬ.

• ʿOBAYD ZĀKĀNI

  Daniela Meneghini

  a Persian poet from the Mongol period (d. ca. 770/1370), renowned above all for his satirical poems.

• OBOLLA

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a port of Lower Iraq during the classical and medieval Islamic periods.

• ŌDŌ, TŌMĀ

  Eden Naby

  (1853-1918), Assyrian scholar and archbishop, born in Alqosh, north of Mosul, but who spent most of his adult life in Urmia, where he was killed.

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• OḠUZ KHAN NARRATIVES

  İlker Evrım Bınbaş

  The Tāriḵ-e Oḡuz begins with a short genealogical and topographical introduction connecting the family of Oḡuz to that of Japheth, or Öljey/Oljāy Khan, as he is called in the text, and his son Dib Yāwqu Khan, who lived nomadic life around the lakes of Issyk-Kul and Balkhash.

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• OHRMAZD

  Cross-Reference

  Middle Persian name of the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism. See AHURA MAZDĀ.

• OIL AGREEMENTS IN IRAN

  Parviz Mina

  (1901-1978): their history and evolution. The history of Iranian oil agreements began with an unprecedented concession granted by Nāṣer-al-Din Shah in 1872 to Baron Julius de Reuter.

• OIL INDUSTRY

  Multiple Authors

  i. Petroleum and its Products. ii. Iran's Oil and Gas Resources

• OIL INDUSTRY i. PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS

  A. Badakhshan and F. Najmabadi

  The first requisite for an oil or a gas field is a reservoir: a rock formation porous enough to contain oil or gas and permeable enough to allow their movement through it.

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• OIL INDUSTRY ii. IRAN’S OIL AND GAS RESOURCES

  A. Badakhshan and F. Najmabadi

  The Iranian oil industry is the oldest in the Middle East. Although the occurrence of numerous seeps in many parts of Iran had been known since the ancient times, the systematic exploration and drilling for oil began in the first years of the 20th century.

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• OḴOWWAT

  Nassereddin Parvin

  (Brotherhood), the name of four newspapers and one magazine published in Tabriz, Rašt, Shiraz, Kermānšāh, and Baghdad in the early 1900s.

• OKRA

  Cross-Reference

  See BĀMĪA.

• ʿOLAMĀ-YE ESLĀM

  Siamak Adhami

  “The Doctors of Islam,” title given to two medieval Zoroastrian polemical treatises written in Modern Persian.

• OLEARIUS, ADAM

  Christoph Werner

  (1599-1671), German author, secretary to the Holstein mission to Persia (1635-39), noted for the detailed account of his travels in Russia and Persia.

• OLIVE TREE

  Willem Floor

  (zaytun). The cultivated olive tree (Olea europaea L, Oleaceae) is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean basin. It is valued for its fruit and oil.

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• OLSHAUSEN, JUSTUS

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (1800-1882), German theologian and Oriental scholar, one of the pioneers of Iranian studies in the German-speaking countries. His most important contribution to Iranian studies is his decipherment of the Pahlavi legends of Late Sasanian coins, by which he became almost a second decipherer of the Pahlavī script after Silvestre de Sacy. 

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• OMAN, SEA OF

  Willem Floor

  the sea, or gulf, which divides Iran and the Arabian peninsula and forms the link between the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea.

• OMM AL-KETĀB

  Farhad Daftary

  title of an anonymous Persian book associated with certain early Shiʿite ḡolāt (extremist) groups of southern Iraq. Originally published in Arabic, this work found its way into the manuscript collections of the Nezāri Ismaʿilis of Badaḵšān and became one of their most sacred and secret works, although it does not contain any known Ismaʿili doctrines.

• ONO, Morio

  Ali Ferdowsi

  (1925-2001), eminent Japanese scholar and Iranologist.

• ʿONṢORI

  EIr

  (ca. 961-1039), celebrated Persian poet of the early Ghaznavid period.