Table of Contents

• GĒSŪ-DARĀZ

  Cross-Reference

  See GĪSŪ-DARĀZ.

• GĒTĪG AND MĒNŌG

  SHAUL SHAKED

  a pair of Middle Persian terms that designate the two forms of existence according to the traditional Zoroastrian view of the world as expressed in the Pahlavi books.

• GƎUŠ TAŠAN

  William W. Malandra

  (the fashioner of the Cow), a divine craftsman who figures prominently in the Gathas of Zoroaster but falls into obscurity in the Younger Avesta, being there associated with the fourteenth day of the month, known in Middle Persian simply as Gōš.

• GƎUŠ URUUAN

  William W. Malandra

  “the soul of the Cow,” the name of the archetypal Bovine, whose plight is a subject of Zoroaster’s gāθā, often identified as “the Cow’s Lament.”

• GĒV

  Djalal Khaleghi-Motlagh

  one of the foremost heroes of the national epic in the reigns of Kay Kāvūs and Kay Ḵosrow.

• GHAFFARY, FARROKH

  Michele Epinette

  (1922-2006), Iranian artist and one of the founders of the National Archives of Iranian Cinema; he served as one of the directors of the National Iranian Radio-Television, worked as the chief organizer of the Shiraz Festival of Arts.

• GHAZNAVIDS

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  an Islamic dynasty of Turkish slave origin 977-1186, which in its heyday ruled in the eastern Iranian lands, briefly as far west as Ray and Jebāl; for a while in certain regions north of the Oxus, most notably, in Kᵛārazm; and in Baluchistan and in northwestern India.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• GHILAIN, Antoine

  Aloïs van Tongerloo

  In addition to his demanding teaching responsibilities, Ghilain continued with his academic work at the University of Leuven. The commitment documents his intellectual stamina and iron will, as he had to travel by train between La Louvière and Leuven, even in the dark days of World War II when Belgium was under German occupation.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• GHIRSHMAN, ROMAN

  Laurianne Martinez-Sève

  Ghirshman came from an affluent family in Kharkov and was enlisted in 1914 into the Russian army. In 1917, he joined the counter-revolutionary camp, and after the Communist victory took refuge in Istanbul, where he earned a living as a violinist.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• GHURIDS

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  There were at least three raids by the early Ghaznavids into Ḡūr, led by Sultan Maḥmūd and his son Masʿūd, in the first decades of the 11th century; these introduced Islam and brought Ḡūr into a state of loose vassalage to the sultans.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.