Table of Contents

  • ḠAFFARĪ, MOḤAMMAD

    Cross-Reference

    a prominent Qajar painter. See KAMĀL-AL-MOLK.

  • ḠAFFĀRĪ, MOḤAMMAD-EBRĀHĪM KHAN

    Kambiz Eslami

    son of Farroḵ Khan Amīn-al-Dawla, a high-ranking Qajar official. He spent his early years in the inner circle of Nāṣer-al-Dīn Shah’s court and then traveled to Europe to continue his education. In 1891 he received the title Moʿāwen-al-Dawla, and was named the head of the Commerce Court and deputy minister of justice.

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  • ḠAFFĀRĪ, NEẒĀM-AL-DĪN

    Kambiz Eslami

    (1844-1915), Qajar minister and engineer. In his later years, Ḡaffārī held several important positions, including the minister of mines, the minister of public services, and minister of education.

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  • ḠAFFĀRĪ, ṢANĪʿ-AL-MOLK

    Cross-Reference

    See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ.

  • GAFUROV, BOBODZHAN GAFUROVICH

    Boris A. Litvinsky

    (1908-1977), Tajik statesman, academician, and historian. His energy and administrative skills were instrumental in establishing Tajikistan’s first State University in 1948, and in inaugurating its national Academy of Sciences in 1951. He published more than 500 works.

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  • GAGIK

    Cross-Reference

    See ARTSRUNI and BAGRATIDS.

  • GĀH

    Mary Boyce

    a Middle Persian, Parthian, and New Persian word meaning either “place” or “time.”

  • GĀH-ŠOMĀRĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See CALENDARS.

  • GĀHAMBĀR

    Cross-Reference

    See GĀHĀNBĀR.

  • GĀHĀNBĀR

    Mary Boyce

    Middle Persian name for the feasts held at the end of each of the six seasons of the Zoroastrian year.

  • GAHĪZ

    Nassereddin Parvin

    weekly newspaper published in Kabul from January 1968 to April 1973, owned, edited, and published by Menhāj-al-Dīn Gahīz (1922-73), who was apparently assassinated by Soviet agents.

  • GAIL, MARZIEH

    Wendy Heller

    (1908-1993), Persian-American Bahaʾi author, essayist, and translator; child of the first Persian-American Bahaʾi marriage, and the first woman to work at a newspaper in Tehran.

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  • GALBANUM

    Hushang Aʿlam

    There has been confusion or uncertainty about the nature (color, taste, odor, medicinal properties) of galbanum, the plants involved, and habitats. The confusion has resulted mainly from the similarity of galbanum to resins yielded by some other umbelliferous plants.

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  • ḠĀLEB DADA, MOḤAMMAD ASʿAD

    Tahsın Yazici

    also known as Mehmed Esad Galib Dede, Shaikh Ḡāleb, or Şeyh Galib (b. Istanbul, 1757; d. Galata, 1799) poet in Turkish and Persian.

  • ḠĀLEB, Mīrzā ASAD-ALLĀH Khan

    Munibur Rahman

    (b. Agra, 1797; d. Delhi, 1869), one of the greatest poets of Muslim India who wrote poems in both Persian and Urdu.

  • GALEN

    Cross-Reference

     See JĀLINUS.

  • GALERIUS

    Cross-Reference

    See NARSEH.

  • GĀLEŠĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See GĪLĀN x. LANGUAGES

  • GALĪN QAYA

    Cross-Reference

    dialect. See HARZANDĪ.

  • GALLIMARD PRESS

    Cross-Reference

    See PUBLISHING HOUSES.