Table of Contents

  • ČAIŠPIŠ

    Cross-Reference

    See ČIŠPIŠ.

  • CAITYAPRADAKṢIṆĀGĀTHĀ

    Ronald E. Emmerick

    lit. “the song (Skt. gāthā) about circumambulating (Skt. pradakṣiṇā) a holy place (Skt. caitya),” the title of a Buddhist text, a Khotanese version of which is extant.

  • ČAK

    Willem Floor

    legal document, testament, money draft, check.

  • ČAḴĀNSŪR

    Daniel Balland

    principal town of the large Ḵāšrūd delta oasis in northeastern Sīstān.

  • ČĀKAR

    Etienne de la Vaissiere

    personal soldier-retainer of the nobility in pre-Islamic Central Asia.

  • ČAKAR

    Mansour Shaki

    a Middle Persian legal term denoting a widow who at the death of her “authorized” (pādixšāyīhā) husband without issue was obliged to enter into a levirate marriage (čakarīh) in order to provide him with male offspring (frazand).

  • ČAKĀVAK

    Hūšang Aʿlam, Hūšang Aʿlam

    (Mid. Pers. čakōk). i. The lark. ii. A melody in Persian music.

  • ČAKZĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ACƎKZĪ.

  • ČĀL

    Ehsan Yarshater

    Like most Persian villages, Čāl had several quarters (maḥallas), but the major division was between Upper and Lower Čāl (locally Gali-kiá and Jarina-ma:la, respectively), with some local variation between the dialects, for instance, Upper Čāli berbinden “to cut,” veškenja “sparrow,” nāngun “pinch” versus Lower Čāli bervinden, meškenja, and nāngur.

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  • ČĀL TARḴĀN

    Jens Kröger

    (Čāl Tarḵān-ʿEšqābād), a site about 20 km southeast of Ray with remains from the late Sasanian and early Islamic periods.