Table of Contents

  • BĀQER KHAN SĀLĀR-E MELLI

    A. Amanat

    one of the popular heroes of the Constitutional Revolution during the defense of Tabrīz in the period of the Lesser Autocracy (June, 1908-July, 1909).

  • BĀQER, ABŪ JAʿFAR MOḤAMMAD

    W. Madelung

    The fifth imam of the Twelver Shiʿites (7th-8th century).

  • BĀQĪBELLĀH NAQŠBANDĪ

    J. G. J. Ter Haar

    (d. 1603), ḴᵛĀJA ABU’L-MOʾAYYAD RAŻĪ-AL-DĪN OWAYSĪ; As a Naqšbandi, he represents the sober type of Sufi, adhering to the Islamic law (šarīʿa) and averse to ecstatic mystical experiences.

  • BĀQLAVĀ

    W. Eilers, N. Ramazani

    i. The word. ii. The sweet. Bāqlavā is a sweet pastry known throughout the Middle East, in Iran commonly made with almonds (bādām), less frequently with pistachios (pesta).

  • BAQLĪ, RŪZBEHĀN

    cross-reference

    SHAIKH. See RŪZBEHĀN.

  • BAQQĀL-BĀZĪ

    F. Gaffary

    (lit. grocer play), a form of improvised, popular slapstick comedy; it is distinguished among the various forms of popular comedy in Iran by its own set of rules.

  • BĀR

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh, Ḥ. Farhūdī

    “audience.” The royal audience was one of the most important and enduring of the court ceremonies practiced in Iran.  i. From the Achaemenid through the Safavid period.  ii. The Qajar and Pahlavi periods.

  • BAR HEBRAEUS

    Cross-Reference

    (b. Malaṭīa, 1225; d. Marāḡa, 1286), Syriac historian and polymath. See EBN AL-ʿEBRĪ, ABU’L-FARAJ.

  • BAR KŌNAY, THEODORE

    J. P. Asmussen

    8th-9th-century Nestorian teacher and writer from Kaškar in Mesopotamia. His The Book of Scholiais notable for its sections on Zarathustra and Mani.

  • BAR-E MEHR

    cross-reference

    a fire temple in Yazd. See DAR-E MEHR.

  • BARĀDŪST

    A. Hassanpour

    name of a Kurdish tribe, region, mountain range, river, and amirate. The tribespeople, mostly settled now, are Shafeʿite Sunnis and speak the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish mixed with the neighboring Sorani dialects.

  • BARAḠĀNĪ, MOḤAMMAD-TAQĪ

    D. M. MacEoin

    QAZVĪNĪ, ŠAHĪD-E ṮĀLEṮ, MOLLĀ, an important Shiʿite ʿālem of Qazvīn (d. 1847).

  • BARAK

    T. Bīneš

    a kind of firm and durable woven cloth used for coats, overcoats (labbāda), shawls (in Afghanistan), čūḵas (surcoats for shepherds) and leggings.

  • BARAKĪ BARAK

    C. M. Kieffer

    locality in the province of Lōgar, Afghanistan,  the abode of the country’s last Ōrmuṛī speakers.

  • BĀRAKZAY DYNASTY

    cross-reference

    See AFGHANISTAN x. Political History ; and DORRĀNĪ.

  • BĀRAKZĪ

    D. Balland

    (singular Bārakzay), an ethnic name common among the Pashtun of Afghanistan and Pakistan and the Baluch of southeastern Iran. The oldest settlement area is between Herat and the approaches to the Helmand valley.

  • BARĀMEKA

    Cross-Reference

    See BARMAKIDS.

  • BĀRĀN

    D. Balland

    It is interesting to note that in modern Iranian languages violent and dangerous rainfall events are often designated by borrowings from Arabic (ṭūfān for typhoon, barq for lightning, raʿd for thunder, sayl for sudden deluge), whereas for phenomena considered beneficial a terminology of Iranian origin has been preserved.

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  • BARANĪ, ŻĪĀʾ-AL-DĪN

    P. Hardy

    Indian-born Muslim historian who wrote in the period of the Delhi sultanate (ca. 1285-1357).

  • BARĀQ BĀBĀ

    H. Algar

    (b. 1257-58, d. 1307-08), a crypto-shamanic Anatolian Turkman dervish close to two of the Mongol rulers of Iran.