Table of Contents

• BAVĀNĀTĪ

  Ī. Afšār

  (d. 1892-93), MĪRZĀ MOḤAMMAD-BĀQER, Persian man of letters, poet, instructor of Persian in London, and self-styled prophet.

• BĀVANDIDS

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀL-E BĀVAND.

• BĀVĪ

  P. Oberling

  (or Bābūʾī), a Luri-speaking tribe of the Kohgīlūya, in Fārs.

• BĀWĪYA

  J. Perry

  a Shiʿite tribe of Ḵūzestān. They range east and south of Ahvāz, between the Kārūn and Jarrāḥī rivers, to the south of Band-e Qīr and north of Māred.

• BÄX FÄLDISỊN

  F. Thordarson

  “horse dedication,” a funeral rite practiced by the Ossetes until recent times.

• BAY

  Cross-Reference

  See BARG-E BŪ.

• BAYĀN (1)

  J. T. P. de Bruijn

  term (lit. “statement,” “exposition,” “explanation”) from an early date encompassing the various arts of expression in speech and writing. Often ʿelm-e bayān merely denotes rhetoric as a whole.

• BAYĀN (2)

  D. M. MacEoin

  term applied to the writings of the Bāb in general and to two late works in particular, the Bayān-e fārsī and al-Bayān al-ʿarabī.

• BAYĀNI, JĀR-ALLĀH-ZĀDA

  Tahsin Yazici

  (d. 1597), Shaikh Moṣtafā, a Turkish poet who composed on the ḡazals of Hāfeẓ.

• BAYĀNĪ, MEHDĪ

  M. Dabīrsīāqī

  (1906-68), specialist in Persian manuscripts and calligraphy and pioneer in the field of Persian librarianship.

• BAYĀT

  G. Doerfer

  an important Turkish tribe. A substantial proportion of the Bayāt people must have entered Iran in the train of the Saljuq invaders in the first half of the 11th century.

• BAYĀT(Ī)

  J. During

  one of the old modes of the Irano-Arabic musical tradition, mentioned for the first time by Šayḵ Ṣafadī (15th century).

• BAYĀT-E EṢFAHĀN

  M. Caton

  or ĀVĀZ-e EṢFAHĀN, a musical system based on a specific collection of modal pieces (gūšahā) which are performed in a particular order.

• BAYĀT-E KORD

  M. Caton

  or KORD-e BAYĀT, a part of the modal system (dastgāh) of Šūr in Persian music.

• BAYĀT-E TORK

  M. Caton

  a musical system (āvāz, naḡma) and one of the branches of the modal system (dastgāh) of Šūr in traditional classical music.

• BAYATỊ, GAPPO

  F. Thordarson

  (Ger.: Georg-Gappo Baiew; 1869-1939), Ossetic man of letters.

• BAYĀŻ

  M.-T. Dānešpažūh

  literally “white,” usually a small paper notepad that opens lengthwise and was carried around in an inside pocket. Several such MS are found in various libraries.

• BAYAZIT

  R. W. Edwards

  (Bāyazīd; Osm. Bayezid), a stronghold located three kilometers southeast of the modern village of Doğubayazit, Turkey, and approximately twenty-five kilometers southwest of Mt. Ararat, important in the defense of Anatolia against invasion from Iran.

• BĀYBŪRTLŪ

  P. Oberling

  (also Bāybūrdlū), a Turkic tribe of northwestern Iran whose only vestiges seem to be the names of a few historical personalities.

• BĀYDŪ

  B. Spuler

  a son of Ṭaraḡāy and grandson of Hülegü (Hūlāgū), reigned as il-khan in Iran, 1295.

• BAYHAQ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a rural area (rostāq) of medieval Khorasan, between the district of Nīšāpūr and the eastern borders of Qūmes, and its town, also known as Sabzavār.

• BAYHAQĪ, ABU’L-FAŻL

  Ḡ.-Ḥ. Yūsofī

  MOḤAMMAD B. ḤOSAYN, secretary at the Ghaznavid court and renowned Persian historian (995-1077).

• BAYHAQĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN MOḤAMMAD

  H. Halm

  B. ŠOʿAYB ʿEJLĪ NAYSĀBŪRĪ (d. 936), a jurist who helped promote the spread of the Shafeʿite school of Islamic law in Khorasan.

• BAYHAQĪ, EBRĀHĪM

  C. E. Bosworth

  B. MOḤAMMAD, 10th-century Arabic littérateur, author of a work of adab.

• BAYHAQĪ, ẒAHĪR-AL-DĪN

  H. Halm

  ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ B. ZAYD (ca. 1097-1169), also known as Ebn Fondoq, an Iranian polymath of Arab descent, author of the Tārīḵ-e Bayhaq.

• BĀYJŪ

  P. Jackson

  Mongol general and military governor in northwestern Iran (fl. 1228-1259). He belonged to the Besüt tribe and was a kinsman of Jengiz Khan’s general Jebe (Jaba).

• BAYLAQĀN

  C. E. Bosworth

  a town of the medieval Islamic region of Arrān, the classical Caucasian Albania, lying in the triangle between the Kor and Aras (Araxes) rivers.

• BĀYQARĀ B. ʿOMAR ŠAYḴ

  E. Glassen

  (b. 1392-93, d. 1422-23?), a Timurid prince and grandson of Tīmūr, active in Fārs.

• BAYRAM KHAN

  N. H. Ansari

  (or BAYRĀM) KHAN, Moḥammad Ḵān(-e) Ḵānān (d. 1561), an illustrious and powerful Iranian noble at the court of the Mughal emperors Homāyūn and Akbar.

• BAYRĀMŠĀH

  Ḡ.-Ḥ. Yūsofī

  (d. 1367-69), the beloved companion (nadīm) of Sultan Oways, second ruler (r. 1356 to 1374-75) of the Jalayerids.

• BAYRĀNAVAND

  P. Oberling

  a Lor tribe of the Pīš(-e)Kūh region in Lorestān.

• BĀYSONḠOR, ḠĪĀṮ-AL-DĪN

  H. R. Roemer

  B. ŠĀHROḴ B. TĪMŪR (1397-1433), Timurid prince who played an important role as a statesman and a patron of art and architecture and was himself a first-class calligrapher.

• BĀYSONḠORĪ ŠĀH-NĀMA

  Dj. Khaleghi Motlagh, T. Lentz

  an illuminated and gilded manuscript of Ferdowsī’s Šāh-nāma measur­ing 26.5 × 38 cm, containing 346 pages and twenty-one paintings, written in nastaʿlīq, and kept in the former Royal Library (Golestan Palace Museum, no. 6) in Tehran. i. The manuscript.  ii. The paintings.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• BAYT

  A. Hassanpour

  a genre of Kurdish folk art, an orally transmitted story which is either entirely sung or is a combination of sung verse and spoken prose.

• BAYT-AL-ʿADL

  M. Momen

  (House of Justice), a Bahai administrative institution.

• BAYTUZ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a Turkish commander who controlled the town of Bost in southern Afghanistan during the middle years of the 10th century.

• BAYŻĀ

  C. E. Bosworth

  a town of medieval Islamic Fārs (modern Tall-e Bayżā), 25 miles north of Shiraz, 8 farsaḵs according to the medieval geographers and one stage east of the Sasanian and early Islamic town of Eṣṭaḵr.

• BAYŻĀWĪ, NĀṢER-AL-DĪN

  E. Kohlberg

  Shafeʿite jurist, Asḥʿarite theologian, and renowned Koran commentator (13th-14th centuries).

• BĀZ

  H. Aʿlam

  general term formerly applied particularly to birds from the genera Falco (falcons) and Accipiter (hawks), which were traditionally prized and trained for hunting game birds.

• BĀZ-NĀMA

  Moḥammad-Taqī Dānešpažūh

  books or treatises on the keeping and training of falcons.

• BĀZA-ḴŪR

  D. Huff

  (Baz-e Hur), a village and site of some important Sasanian structures on the road from Mašhad to Torbat-e Ḥaydarīya.

• BAZAG

  Cross-Reference

  “toilette.” See COSMETICS.

• BĀZĀR

  Multiple Authors

  “market (place),” term which may refer to: a market day, usually once a week, when farmers bring their wares to the market to sell; a fair held at specific times; and the physical establishments, the shops, characterized by specific morphology and architectural design.

• BAZAR i. General

  Michael E. Bonine

  Large interior courtyard caravanserais are an integral part of most bāzārs, particularly in the larger cities where international trade was once significant. Around the courtyard are single- or two-storied complexes of offices occupied by wholesalers, although the bottom level is more often for storage and even contains shopkeepers or craftsmen.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• BĀZĀR ii. Organization and Function

  Willem Floor

  Both weekly market days and regular fairs occurred in pre-Islamic times. Among the latter, for example, was the bāzār of Māḵ in Bukhara.

• BAZAR iii. Socioeconomic and Political Role

  Ahmad Ashraf

  The bāzār in the Islamic city has been (1) a central marketplace and craft center located in the old quarters of the town; (2) a primary arena, along with the mosque, of extrafamilial sociability; and (3) a sociocultural milieu of a traditional urban life-style.

• BAZAR iv. In Afghanistan

  E. F. Grötzbach

  In Afghanistan a bāzār is a collection of shops and workshops forming a topographic unit. As regards size and layout, however, there can be great differences.

• BAZAR v. Temporary Bazars in Iran and Afghanistan

  M. Bazin

  The most firmly established form of periodic bāzār is certainly the one observed in the Caspian lowlands of Iran and especially in the central plain of Gīlān, where weekly bāzārs (bāzār-e haftagī) are part of a particularly long tradition.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• BĀZĀR-E WAKĪL

  Karāmat-Allāh Afsar

  an architectural monument of Shiraz from the reign of Karīm Khan Zand (Wakīl, r. 1750-79) and still an important center of business.

• BĀZARGĀN

  Bernard Hourcade

  a village on the Turkish-Iranian frontier eighteen kilometers northwest of Mākū,  West Azerbaijan province. The development of this village is very recent and limited, linked with the nearby frontier crossing.