Table of Contents
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ASTAUENE
Cross-Reference
Parthian province to the north of Hyrcania (Gorgān). See OSTOVĀ.
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ĀŠTĪĀN
C. E. Bosworth
the name both of an administrative subdistrict (dehestān) and its chef-lieu in the First Province (ostān).
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ĀŠTĪĀNI
E. Yarshater
the dialect of Āštīān, belongs to the group of “Central” dialects spoken in Kashan and Isfahan provinces and some adjacent areas.
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ĀŠTĪĀNĪ, ḤASAN
H. Algar
(d. 1319/1901), late 19-century moǰtahed who played an important role in the campaign against the tobacco concession of 1309/1891.
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ĀŠTĪĀNĪ, MAHDĪ
H. Algar
known as Mīrzā Kūček (1306-1372/1888-89 to 1952-53), a scholar who excelled in both the traditional (manqūl) and rational (maʿqūl) sciences.
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AŠTIŠAT
M. Van Esbroeck
religious center of pagan Armenia and first official Christian see.
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ASTŌDĀN
A. Sh. Shahbazi
“bone-receptacle, ossuary.” The term has an important place in the vocabulary of ancient Iranian funerary rites.
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ASṬORLĀB
D. Pingree
The altitude of the sun or of the star is determined by an observation through the alidade on the back; the rim of the upper two halves of the back is graduated from 0° to 90° from the horizontal diameter (horizon) to the apex (zenith).
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ASTRAKHAN
B. Spuler
a town (Russian since 1556) on the river Volga.
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ASTROLABE
Cross-Reference
See ASṬORLĀB.