Table of Contents
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AŠRAF ḠILZAY
D. Balland
the Afghan chief who ruled as Shah over part of Iran from 1137/1725 to 1142/1729.
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AŠRAF
Cross-Reference
town in Māzandarān. See BEHŠAHR.
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AŠRAF-ʿALĪ KHAN FOḠĀN
M. Baqir
(or FEḠĀN), poet writing in Persian and Urdu (1140-86/1727-72).
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AŠRAFI
B. Fragner
term used from the mid-15th century for a gold coin first minted in Mamluk Egypt in 810/1407-08.
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AŠRAFĪ
A. Hairi
religious leader, born sometime before 1235/1819 and died 1315/1897-98.
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ASRĀR AL-ḤEKAM
M. Moḥaqqeq
the title of a book written for Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah Qāǰār, by the philosopher Ḥāǰǰ Mollā Hādī Sabzavāri (1212-89/1797-1872).
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ASRĀR AL-TAWḤĪD
H. Algar
principal source for the life and teachings of the well-known mystic of Khorasan, Abū Saʿid b. Abi’l-Ḵayr (b. 357/967, d. 440/1049).
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ĀSRĒŠTĀR
P. O. Skjærvø
in Middle Persian Manichean texts a kind of demons, often associated with the mazans.
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ĀSRŌN
EIr
Middle Persian form of Avestan āθravan.
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ʿAṢṢĀR TABRĪZĪ
Z. Safa
poet, scholar, and mystic of the 8th/14th century.