Table of Contents

  • Asia Institute

    Richard N. Frye

    founded in 1928 in New York City as the American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology, incorporated 1930 in the state of New York and active in Shiraz 1965-79. In its affiliation, functions, and publications, the Institute has had a complicated and eventful career, illustrating some of the vicissitudes of Iranian studies during the twentieth century.

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  • ASIA INSTITUTE, BULLETIN OF THE

    Richard N. Frye

    originally Bulletin of the American Institute of Persian Art and Archaeology from July 1931; and the first issue was edited by Arthur Upham Pope, director of the Institute.

  • ASIA MINOR

    M. Weiskopf

    Irano-Anatolian relations. The Iranians left their imprint above all on the art of governing.

  • ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

    Cross-Reference

    See BENGAL ii. Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.

  • ASII

    F. Thordarson

    (or ASIANI), an ancient nomadic people of Central Asia, who about 130 B.C. put an end to Greek rule in Bactria.

  • ASINAEUS AND ANILAEUS

    M. Smith

    figure in Josephus’ Jewish Antiquities.

  • ASĪR EṢFAHĀNĪ

    K. Amīrī Fīrūzkūhī

    a poet of the 11th/17th century (d. 1049/1639).

  • ĀŠIRVĀD

    M. F. Kanga

    “blessing, benediction,” a set of prayers and admonitions recited by the two officiating Parsi priests in the Zoroastrian marriage ceremony.

  • ʿASJADĪ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

     a poet of the first half of the 5th/11th century.

  • ASK SPRINGS

    E. Ehlers

    The Ask springs, like those in other places around the base of Damāvand, are as yet used only by the local inhabitants. It remains to be seen whether they would repay commercial development (in the form of spa baths, bottling plants, etc.).

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  • ĀŠKĀBĀD

    Cross-Reference

    See ASHKHABAD.

  • AŠKĀNĪĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See ARSACIDS.

  • ʿASKAR MOKRAM

    C. E. Bosworth

    a town of the medieval Islamic province of Ahvāz (Ḵūzestān) and also the name of the district of which it was the administrative center.

  • ʿASKARĀN

    KAMRAN EKBAL

    village in Qarābāḡ about seven miles northeast of Stepanakert in the eastern Caucasus, where peace negotiations between Russia and Persia took place in 1225/1810.

  • ʿASKARĪ

    H. Halm

    the 11th imam of the Twelver Shiʿites.

  • ʿASKARĪ, ABŪ HELĀL

    W. M. Watt

    philologist and poet born about the middle of the 4th/10th century.

  • ʿASKARĪ, ʿALĪ AL-HĀDĪ

    Cross-Reference

    See ʿALĪ AL-HĀDĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN AL-ʿASKARĪ.

  • AŠKAŠ

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    an Iranian hero in the reign of Kay Ḵosrow.

  • AŠKBŌS

    Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

    a Turanian hero from Kašān or Košān in the story of “Kāmūs-e Kašānī,” in the Šāh-nāma.

  • ASLAM, ABU’L-QĀSEM MOḤAMMAD

    Cross-Reference

     See ABU’L-QĀSEM MOḤAMMAD ASLAM.