Table of Contents

  • ASBĪĀN

    cross-reference

    See ĀBTĪN.

  • ĀŠEʿʿAT AL-LAMAʿĀT

    A. E. Khairallah

    (The rays of the flashes), a detailed commentary by Nūr-al-dīn ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmī (817/1414-898/1492).

  • ʿĀṢEM EFENDĪ

    T. Yazici

    (1168/1755-1236/1819), an Ottoman Turkish linguist and chronicler.

  • AŠƎM VOHŪ

    B. Schlerath

    the second of the four great prayers of the Zoroastrians, the others being: Ahuna vairyō (Y. 27.13), Yeŋˊhē hātąm (Y. 27.15), and Airyəˊmā išyō (Y. 54.1).

  • ʿĀṢEMI, Moḥammad

    Habib Borjian

    (also Osimi and Asimov) Tajik educator, scholar, statesman, and humanist (b. Ḵojand, 1 September 1920; d. Dushanbe, 29 July 1996). His primary subject of interest was philosophy in the broad sense of the word, with particular attention to the achievements made in the East. 

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  • ʿĀŠEQ

    C. F. Albright

    in Azerbaijan, Iran, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, a poet and minstrel who accompanies his singing on a long-necked, fretted, plucked chordophone known as a sāz.

  • ʿĀŠEQ EṢFAHĀNĪ

    K. Amīrī Fīrūzkūhī

    a Persian poet of the 12th/18th century (pen name ʿĀšeq).

  • ʿĀŠEQ HAWĀSĪ

    C. F. Albright

    “melody of the ʿāšeq,” term referring to (1) a type of poem often sung by ʿāšeqs in Iranian Azerbaijan and (2) the typical manner of singing the poem and the manner of accompanying it on the musical instrument.

  • ASFĀD JOŠNAS

    A. Tafażżolī

    a native of Ardašīr-ḵorra (Gūr, Fīrūzābād) who commanded the supporters of Šērōya.

  • ASFAND

    H. Gaube

    a medieval district (kūra) of the quarter (robʿ) of Nīšāpūr of Khorasan province.

  • ASFĀNŪR

    Cross-Reference

    See MADĀʾEN.

  • ASFĀR AL-ARBAʿA

    F. Rahman

    (The four journeys), title of the magnum opus of Mollā Ṣadrā (d. 1050/1641).

  • ASFĀR B. ŠĪRŪYA

    C. E. Bosworth

    early 10th-century military leader during the period of Samanid expansion.

  • ASFEZĀR

    C. E. Bosworth

    (or ASFŌZAR), designation of a district (kūra) and later its chief town in the Herat quarter of Khorasan.

  • ASFEZĀRĪ, ABŪ ḤĀTEM

    D. Pingree

    5th/12th-century astronomer, of whose life almost nothing is known.

  • ASFĪJĀB

    C. E. Bosworth

    (or ASBĪJĀB, ESBĪJĀB) a town and district of medieval Transoxania.

  • ASHKHABAD

    B. Spuler

    (Russian; Persian ʿEšqābād), since the Soviet period the capital of Turkmenistan.

  • ASHRAF, GHODSIEH

    Mahnaze A. da Silveira

    Throughout her life, Ghodsieh Ashraf repeatedly observed, not without pride, that her material belongings could be packed into one suitcase. Though she may not have been an easy taskmaster, she was served by an unflagging joie de vivre and cut a figure distinct from the traditional models of her times.

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  • AŠI

    B. Schlerath, P. O. Skjærvø

    Avestan feminine noun meaning “thing attained, reward, share, portion, recompense” and, as a personification, the goddess “Reward, Fortune.”

  • ĀSĪĀ (or āsīāb, Mill)

    M. Harverson

    or āsīāb, "mill." Before World War II most grain ground to produce flour for the staple in the Iranian diet, bread, was processed by traditionally powered mills, principally watermills. Except in remote areas they have been replaced by diesel or electrically-driven mills, and old machinery has fallen derelict.

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