Table of Contents

• AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, FARROḴ KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ

  F. Gaffary

  (1227-88/1812-71), a high ranking Qajar official.

• AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, MĪRZĀ ʿALĪ KHAN

  H. F. Farmayan

  (1844-1904), high ranking official in the service of the Qajar king Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah (r. 1848-96) and grand vizier under Moẓaffar-al-dīn Shah (r. 1896-1907).

• AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN KHAN (forthcoming).

• AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, MOḤAMMAD-ṢĀDEQ KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See MOḤAMMAD-ṢĀDEQ KHAN MOSTAWFĪ (forthcoming).

• AMĪN-AL-DAWLA, MOḤSEN KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  MOʿĪN-AL-MOLK. See MOḤSEN KHAN.

• AMĪN-AL-MOLK

  Cross-Reference

  See PĀŠĀ KHAN.

• AMĪN-AL-MOLK, MĪRZĀ ESMĀʿĪL

  A. Amanat

  (1867-98), a high-ranking official towards the end of Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah’s reign.

• AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN, ʿALĪ-AṢḠAR KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See ATĀBAK-E AʿẒAM.

• AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN, ĀQĀ EBRĀHĪM

  A. Amanat

  (d. 1300/1882-83), influential court minister of Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah and father of ʿAlī-Aṣḡar Khan Amīn-al-solṭān.

• AMĪN-AL-ŻARB, ḤĀJJ MOḤAMMAD-ḤASAN

  A. Enayat

  (AMĪN-AL-ŻARB), custodian of the state mint under Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah, regarded as the most successful Iranian entrepreneur of his time (1253-1316/1837-98).

• AMĪN-AL-ŻARB, ḤAJJ MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN

  A. Enayat

  (1289-1351/1872-1932), Persian businessman and vice-president of the first Maǰles. 

• AMĪN-E ELĀHĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ARDAKĀNĪ, ABU’L-ḤASAN.

• AMĪN-E ŠŪRĀ

  Cross-Reference

  See PĀŠĀ KHAN.

• AMĪNĀ

  A. Netzer

  pen name of BENYĀMĪN B. MĪŠĀʾĪL KĀŠĀNĪ, an outstanding Jewish poet of Iran.

• AMĪNA AQDAS

  G. Nashat

  or AMĪN-E AQDAS (d. 1311/1893), one of Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah’s most powerful wives.  

• AMĪNĀ QAZVĪNĪ

  Hameed ud-Din

  also known as MĪRZĀ AMĪNA or AMĪNA-YE MONŠĪ, Mughal historian and poet of Shah Jahān’s reign.

• AMĪNĪ, SHAIKH ʿABD-AL-ḤOSAYN

  H. Algar

  also known as ʿAllāma-ye Amīnī (1320-90/1902-70), Shiʿite scholar and author of the encyclopedic al-Ḡadīr fi’l-ketāb wa’l-sonna wa’l-adab.

• AMĪNJĪ

  I. Poonawala

  eminent Ṭayyebī Ismaʿili jurist from Ahmadabad in India (d. 1567).

• AMĪR

  C. E. Bosworth

  “commander, governor, prince” in Arabic. The term seems to be basically Islamic; although it does not occur in the Koran, we do find there the related concept of the “holders of authority.”

• AMĪR ARSALĀN

  W. L. Hanaway, Jr.

  a prose romance of the genre dāstānhā-ye ʿammīāna, “popular tales,” composed by Mīrzā Moḥammad ʿAlī Naqīb-al-mamālek, the chief storyteller of Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah (r. 1848-96).

• AMĪR AṢLĀN KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See MAJD-AL-DAWLA.

• AMĪR BAHĀDOR, ḤOSAYN PĀŠĀ KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See BAHĀDOR JANG, AMIR.

• AMĪR ḤARAS

  C. E. Bosworth

  (AMĪR-E ḤARAS) “commander of the guard,” the official at the court of the ʿAbbasid caliphs and at certain of its provincial successor states who was directly responsible for policing the palace and for carrying out the caliph’s wishes.

• AMĪR ḤASAN DEHLAVĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See INDIA xiv. Persian Literature in India.

• AMIR KABIR PUBLISHERS

  EIr

  Major Persian publishing house active from 1949 to 1979.

• AMĪR KABĪR, MĪRZĀ TAQĪ KHAN

  H. Algar

  (1222-68/1807-52),  also known by the titles of Atābak and Amīr-e Neẓām; chief minister to Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah for the first four years of his reign and one of the most capable and innovative figures to appear in the whole Qajar period.

• AMĪR ḴORD

  K. A. Nizami

  Indo-Muslim author of the Sīar al-awlīāʾ  (8th/14th century).

• AMĪR ḴOSROW DEHLAVĪ

  A. Schimmel

  (651-725/1253-1325), the “Parrot of India,” the greatest Persian-writing poet of medieval India.

• AMĪR LAŠKAR

  J. Calmard

  (AMĪR-E LAŠKAR) military rank equivalent to general granted during Reżā Khan’s rise to power.

• AMĪR MOFAḴḴAM BAḴTĪĀRĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See BAḴTĪĀRĪ.

• AMĪR MOḤAMMAD AFŻAL KHAN

  Cross-Reference

  See AFŻAL KHAN.

• AMĪR NEẒĀM

  A. Amanat

  (AMĪR-E NEẒĀM), the holder of the military and administrative office of emārat-e neẓām in the Qajar period.

• AMĪR NEẒĀM GARRŪSĪ

  A. Amanat

  known also as Sālār-e Laškar (1236-1317/1820-1900), officer, diplomat, statesman, and literary figure of the Qajar period. 

• AMĪR NEẒĀM, MOḤAMMAD-RAḤĪM KHAN

  Cross-reference

  (d. 1299/1882), notable of the Qajar tribe and holder of high offices under Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah. See ʿALĀʾ-DAWLA.

• AMĪR PĀDEŠĀH

  Cross-Reference

  See MOḤAMMAD AMĪR B. MAḤMŪD.

• AMIR PĀZVĀRI

  Habib Borjian and Maryam Borjian

  semi-legendary poet of Māzandarān.

• AMĪR ŠAHĪD

  Cross-Reference

  (AMĪR-E ŠAHĪD). See ABŪ NAṢR AḤMAD.

• AMĪR SAYYED ʿALĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿALĪ AL-AʿLĀ.

• AMĪR TŪMĀN

  J. Calmard

  (AMĪR-E TŪMĀN) commander of 10,000 men, a military rank originally used by the Il-khanids in the 7th/13th century.

• AMĪR-AL-MOʾMENĪN

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿALĪ B. ABĪ ṬĀLEB.

• AMĪR-AL-OMARĀʾ

  C. E. Bosworth, R. M. Savory

  literally, “commander of commanders,” hence “supreme commander,” a military title found from the early 4th/10th century onwards, first in Iraq and then in the Iranian lands.

• AMIR-AʿLAM

  Bāqer ʿĀqeli

  (1861-1961), University professor, representative and deputy speaker of the Majles, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, senator, minister, and responsible for passing of the Health Protection and Smallpox Vaccination Act of 1910 and the Medical Practice Act of 1911.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• AMIR-ṬAHMĀSEBI, ʿAbd-Allāh

  Bāqer ʿĀqeli

  Amir-Ṭahmāsebi disarmed the tribes in Azerbaijan and restored security particularly in areas around Ardebil, Ahar and Mešgin-šahr, where the Šāhsavan tribes had exercised their arbitrary and oppressive rule unchecked for years.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• AMĪRAK BALʿAMĪ

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  name given to ABŪ ʿALĪ MOḤAMMAD, vizier of the Samanids.

• AMĪRAK BAYHAQĪ

  C. E. Bosworth

  (d. 448/1056), intelligence officer in Khorasan under the early Ghaznavids.

• AMĪRAK ṬŪSĪ

  Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh

  4th/10th century notable of the ʿAbd-al-Razzāqī family of Ṭūs.

• AMIRDOVLATʿ AMASIATSʿI

  Avedis K. Sanjian

  (b. Amasya ca. 1420/25; d. Bursa, 1496), Armenian physician at the Ottoman court and author of Angitats Anpet, an encyclopedic polyglot in six languages including Persian.

• AMIRI, YUSOF

  ANDRÁS BODROGLIGETI

  Persian-Chaghatay poet of the first half of the 15th century. 

• AMĪRḴĪZĪ, ESMĀʿĪL

  Ī. Afshar

  Iranian man of letters, poet, and political activist, born in the Amīrḵīz quarter of Tabrīz in December 1877.

• AMITĀYUS

  R. E. Emmerick

  Sanskrit name of one of the transcendental Buddhas, the so-called Dhyāni-Buddhas, of later Buddhism.