Table of Contents
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AMPELIUS, LUCIUS
Philip Huyse
author of a short encyclopaedic work Liber memorialis in fifty chapters covering such diverse subjects as cosmography (and astronomy), geography and ethnography, theology and especially history.
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AMPHIBIANS
S. C. Anderson
Twenty species occur in Iran: six salamanders in three genera in two families and fourteen frogs and toads in four genera in four families. The amphibian fauna is most diverse in the northwestern provinces, which have the greatest rainfall and running water throughout the year.
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ʿAMR B. LAYṮ
C. E. Bosworth
ṢAFFĀRĪ, military commander and second ruler of the Saffarid dynasty of Sīstān (r. 879-900).
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ʿAMR B. ʿOBAYD
J. van Ess
early Muʿtazilite theologian and traditionist (d. probably 144/761).
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ʿAMR B. YAʿQŪB
C. E. Bosworth
great-grandson of the co-founder of the Saffarid dynasty and ephemeral boy amir in Sīstān, 299-301/912-13.
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AMR BE MAʿRŪF
W. Madelung
Arabic al-amr be’l-maʿrūf wa’l-nahy ʿan al-monkar “enjoining what is proper or good and forbidding what is reprehensible or evil,” one of the principle religious duties in Islam.
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AMRANLU
P. Oberling
a small Turkic tribe which has settled down in the village of Galūgāh in Māzandarān.
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AMRĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ
I. K. Poonawala
(d. 999/1590-91 [?], poet and Sufi from Kūhpāya, a village near Isfahan.
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AMṚTAPRABHADHĀRAṆĪ
R. E. Emmerick
name given by H. W. Bailey to a fifty-line text in Late Khotanese.
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ĀMŪ DARYĀ
B. Spuler
river about 2,500 km long, regarded in ancient times as the boundary between Iran and Tūrān.