Table of Contents
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ĀFĪ, ALLĀHYĀR KHAN
Z. Ahmad
Poet, son of Nawwāb Amīr-al-dawla, the founder of the state of Tonk (b. 1233/1817-18, d. 21 Ramażān 1278/22 March 1861).
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ʿAFĪF
N. H. Zaidi
(d. ca. 1399), author of Tārīḵ-e Fīrūzšāhī, a Persian life of Fīrūz Shah Toḡloq (r. 1351-88).
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AFIFI, RAḤIM
Jalal Matini
(d. 1996), scholar and author of lexical guides and handbooks of mythology.
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AFLĀKĪ
T. Yazici
author of texts on the virtues of Jalāl-al-dīn Rūmī and his disciples (13th-14th centuries).
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AFNĀN
M. Momen
(“twigs” or “branches”), term used in the Bahaʾi faith (initially by Bahāʾallāh) to designate certain lines of descent in the maternal family of the Bāb.
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AFRĀ
A. Parsa
Persian term for the maple tree (genus Acer), also embracing a few shrubs of the family Aceraceae.
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AFRAHĀṬ
J. P. Asmussen
name attested in Syriac (ʾfrhṭ) of a number of Iranian Christian churchmen.
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AFRAHĀṬ, YAʿQŪB
J. P. Asmussen
Persian bishop of the mid-4th century CE, author in Syriac.
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AFRĀSĪĀB
E. Yarshater
By far the most prominent of Turanian kings, Afrāsīāb is depicted in Iranian tradition as a formidable warrior and skillful general; an agent of Ahriman, he is endowed with magical powers and bent on the destruction of Iranian lands.
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AFRĀSĪĀB i. The Archeological Site
G. A. Pugachenkova and Ī. V. Rtveladze
the ruined site of ancient and medieval Samarqand in the northern part of the modern town.
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AFRĀSIĀB ii. Wall Paintings
Matteo Compareti
The Afrāsiāb wall paintings refer to 7th-century Sogdian murals, discovered in 1965 in the residential part of ancient Samarqand (Samarkand).
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AFRĀSĪĀBIDS
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E AFRĀSĪĀB (1).
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AFRASIYABIDS
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E AFRĀSĪĀB (1).
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AFRĀŠTA, MOḤAMMAD-ʿALĪ
B. Sholevar and H. Javadi
poet, writer and satirist (1908-1959).
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ĀFRĪD
J. P. Asmussen
5th-century Christian bishop of Sagastān.
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AFRĪDĪ
C. M. Kieffer
(singular -ay), designation of a major Paṧtūn tribe in northwest Pakistan, with a few members in Afghanistan.
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AFRIGHID DYNASTY
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E AFRĪḠ.
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AFRIḠIDS
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E AFRIḠ.
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ĀFRĪN
F. M. Kotwal and J. W. Boyd
“blessing,” benedictory prayers said at the conclusion of every Zoroastrian ceremony of blessings (āfrinagān).
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ĀFRĪNAGĀN
M. F. Kanga
a term for one of the outer Zoroastrian liturgical services.