Table of Contents
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ʿABDALLĀH B. ŠĀKER
D. Pingree
Expert in geometry (d. 1174-75).
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ʿABDALLĀH B. ṬĀHER
C. E. Bosworth
Governor of Khorasan (9th century).
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ʿABDALLĀH BAYĀNĪ
Cross-Reference
See ʿABDALLĀH MORVĀRĪD.
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ʿABDALLĀH BEHBAHĀNĪ
H. Algar
Theologian, prominent leader of the constitutional movement (1840-1910).
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ʿABDALLĀH BOḴĀRĪ
P. P. Soucek
Paintings signed by ʿAbdallāh are of two types: compositions showing strong influence from Herat painting of the late 15th and early 16th centuries and studies of couples, often in a garden setting, a theme which appears to have been especially popular in Bokhara.
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ʿABDALLĀH HERAVĪ
P. P. Soucek
Calligrapher active in Herat, Samarqand, and Mashad (mid-15th century).
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ʿABDALLĀH ḤOSAYNĪ
P. P. Soucek
Scribe and poet in the service of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahāngīr (17th century).
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ʿABDALLĀH KABRĪ
D. Pingree
Mathematician (d. 1083-84).
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ʿABDALLĀH KHAN
B. W. Robinson
Court painter (18th-19th century).
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ʿABDALLĀH KHAN B. ESKANDAR
Yu. Bregel
Šaybānīd ruler of Transoxania (d. 1598).
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ʿABDALLĀH KHAN UZBEK
M. H. Siddiqi
Mughal noble and general and also briefly an autonomous ruler (10th/16th century).
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ʿABDALLĀH MĀZANDARĀNĪ, SHAIKH
H. Algar
Theologian and supporter of the constitutional movement (1840-1912).
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ʿABDALLĀH MĪRZĀ DĀRĀ
Ḥ. Maḥbūbī Ardakānī
Son of Fatḥ-ʿAlī Shah and governor of Ḵamsa province (1796-1846).
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ʿABDALLĀH MORVĀRĪD
P. P. Soucek
(d. 1516), Timurid court official, poet, scribe, and musician.
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ʿABDALLĀH PAŠA KÖPRÜLÜZĀDE
M. Kohbach
Ottoman statesman and commander-in-chief (d. 1735).
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ʿABDALLĀH ṢAYRAFĪ
P. P. Soucek
Dūst Moḥammad claims that the traditions of Khorasani calligraphy in the nasḵ script are derived from the writing of ʿAbdallāh Ṣayrafī, with Jaʿfar Tabrīzī acting perhaps as the transmitter of the tradition. ʿAbdallāh achieved his greatest fame as a designer of architectural inscriptions.
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ʿABDALLĀH ŠĪRĀZĪ
P. P. Soucek
Qāżī Aḥmad praises ʿAbdallāh’s skill in lacquer painting (rang o rowḡan). This technique was widely used in the decoration of bookbindings during the 16th century, and the examination of surviving bindings may lead to the discovery of further works by ʿAbdallāh.
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ʿABDALLĀH, MĪRZĀ
M. Caton
(ca. 1843-1918), court musician and master of the setār and tār.
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ʿABDALLĀH, QAVĀM-AL-DĪN
T. Kuroyanagi
14th century theologian and faqīh of Shiraz (d. 772/1370).
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ʿABDALLĀH, ŠĀH
K. A. Nizami
(d. 1485), Persian Sufi who introduced the Šaṭṭārī order into India.
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ʿABDALLĀH, ṢĀRĪ
T. Yazici
(1584-1660), Ottoman scholar, mystic, poet, and commentator of Rūmī.
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ʿABDĀN B. AL-RABĪṬ
W. Madelung
early Ismaʿili missionary (dāʿī).
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ʿABDĪ
T. Yazici
pen name of ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN PASHA, Ottoman official and historian (d. 1692).
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ʿABDĪ BOḴĀRĀʾĪ
M. Zand
(d. 1921-22), Tajik taḏkeranevīs (biographer) and poet.
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ʿABDĪ NĪŠĀPŪRĪ
P. P. Soucek
16th-century calligrapher and poet.
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ʿABDĪ ŠĪRĀZĪ
M. Dabīrsīāqī and B. Fragner
(1513-80), poet.
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ABDĪH UD SAHĪGĪH Ī SAGASTĀN
A. Tafażżolī
(“The wonder and remarkability of Sagastān”), short Pahlavi treatise.
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ʿĀBEDĪ
C. E. Bosworth
a landowner (dehqān) of Transoxania (12th century).
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ĀBƎRƎT
W. W. Malandra
one of the eight Zoroastrian priests of the yasna ritual.
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ĀBEŠ ḴĀTŪN
B. Spuler
Salghurid ruler of Fārs (1263-84), daughter of Atābeg Saʿd II.
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ABGAR
J. B. Segal
dynasty of Edessa, 2nd century B.C. to 3rd century A.D.
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ABHAR
C. E. Bosworth
a small town in the Qazvīn district.
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ʿABHAR AL-ʿĀŠEQĪN
H. Corbin
work of the Persian mystic Rūzbehān Baqlī Šīrāzī (1128-1209).
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ABHARĪ, ABŪ BAKR
B. Reinert
Sufi of Persian ʿErāq (d. 941-42).
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ABHARĪ, AMĪN-AL-DĪN
D. Pingree
mathematician, said to have died in 1332-33.
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ABHARĪ, AṮĪR-AL-DĪN
G. C. Anawati
(d. 1264), logician, mathematician, and astronomer.
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ABHARĪ, KAMĀL-AL-DĪN
C. E. Bosworth
vizier of the last two Great Saljuq sultans in western Persia.
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ABHARĪ, MAḴDŪM
Hameed ud-Din
16th-century traditionist.
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ĀBĪ
E. Ehlers
Persian term for those agricultural lands which are irrigated.
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ĀBĪ, ABŪ ʿABDALLĀH
Abu’l-Qāsem Gorji
8th-century traditionist.
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ĀBĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD
M. M. Mazzaoui
11th-century vizier and man of letters.
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ĀBĪ, ʿEZZ-AL-DĪN
Abu’l-Qāsem Gorji
Imami faqīh (jurist) of the 13th century.
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ABIRĀDŪŠ
M. Dandamayev
a village in Elam.
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ABIRATTA(Š)
M. Mayrhofer
ancient Near Eastern proper name said to be of (Indo-)Aryan origin, by comparison with Vedic ratha, Avestan raθa “chariot.” This analysis, however, remains uncertain.
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ABĪVARD
C. E. Bosworth
a town in medieval northern Khorasan.
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ABĪVARDĪ, ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR
L. A. Giffen
poet, historian, and writer on genealogy (d. 1113).
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ABĪVARDĪ, ḤOSĀM-AL-DĪN
L. A. Giffen
jurisconsult, mathematician and logician (d. 1413).
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ABJAD
G. Krotkoff
“alphabet,” a word formed from the first four letters of the Semitic alphabet.
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ABJADĪ
M. Baqir
Poetical name of MĪR MOḤAMMAD ESMĀʿĪL KHAN, 18th century south-Indian poet of Persian and Urdu.
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ABḴĀZ
Dzh. Giunashvili
(also APSUA, APSNI), ethnic group of the Caucasus.
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ABLUTION, ISLAMIC
I. K. Poonawala
(vożūʾ), the minor ritual purification performed before prayers.
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ABLUTION, ZOROASTRIAN
Cross-Reference
See PADYĀB.
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ABNĀʾ
C. E. Bosworth
"sons," term for the offspring of Persian soldiers and officials in the Yemen and of Arab mothers.
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ABOULITES
C. J. Brunner
satrap of Susiana under Darius III, at the time of the Achaemenid collapse.
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ABRADATAS
C. J. Brunner
a fictional king of Susa in Xenophon’s fictional, didactic life of Cyrus (Cyropaedia, books 5-7).
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ABRAHAM
Cross-Reference
See EBRĀHĪM.
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ABRAHAM OF CRETE
George A. Bournoutian
(Kretatsʾi; b. Kandia, Crete, ?- d. Ejmiatsin, 18 April 1737), a leader of the Armenian Church and the author of a chronicle about Nāder Shah Afšār.
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ABRAHAM OF EREVAN
George A. Bournoutian
the author of a history of the wars in Armenian at the time of Nāder Shah Afšār.
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ABRAHAM OF KAŠKAR
Florence Jullien
Christian monk of the 6th century CE, regarded as father of the monks in the Orient.
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ABRAHAMIAN, ROUBEN
Jennifer Manoukian
Armenian Iranist, linguist, and translator. One of the first teachers of Pahlavi language at University of Tehran.
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ABRĀZ
C. J. Brunner
Middle Persian “high, superior, height,” old Iranian *uparyānk- “above, high.”
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ABRĪŠAM
W. Eilers, M. Bazin and C. Bromberger, D. Thompson
Abrīšam appears as a loan word from Iranian in Armenian aprišum, aprešum, Syriac/Mandean ʾbryšwm, and Arabic ebrīsam. The NPers. rēšam/rīšam is evidently only a shortened form of abrēšam. In dialects one also finds čolla (borrowed in Turkic dialects as čille), from *čullak, arabicized as ṣollaǰ, properly speaking, “very fine cotton.”
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ĀBRĪZAGĀN
M. Boyce
“the pouring of water,” name for a Zoroastrian feast; the term could be used for Tīragān and probably also for the name-day festival of Hordād, both of which were celebrated by people sprinkling one another joyfully with water.
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ĀBRĪZĀN
Cross-Reference
See TĪRAGĀN.
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ABROCOMAS
M. Dandamayev
Persian satrap of Syria and commander under Artaxerxes II.
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ABROCOMES
M. Dandamayev
a son of Darius I by Phrataguna, daughter of his brother Artanes.
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ĀBŠĪNA HAMADĀN RŪD
E. Ehlers
name of a drainage system that covers several streams and small rivers along the eastern flank of the Alvand Kūh; it flows north into the kavīr of Qom.
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ĀBŠŪR RŪD
E. Ehlers
“salt river.” The name ābšūr is very common in Iran for those rivers with a high salt content.
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ĀBTĪN
A. Tafażżolī
father of the mythical king Feridun of the Pišdādi dynasty.
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ABŪ ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN SOLAMĪ
S. Sh. Kh. Hussaini
(325-412/937-1021), Sufi, traditionist, and hagiographer.
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ABŪ ʿABDALLĀH B. AL-BAYYEʿ
R. W. Bulliet
a noted traditionist and local historian, b. 321/933, d. 405/1014.
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ABŪ ʿABDALLĀH YAʿQŪB
D. Sourdel
vizier of the ʿAbbasid caliph Mahdī (r. 158-69/775-85).
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ABŪ AḤMAD B. ABĪ BAKR KĀTEB
C. E. Bosworth
poet and official of the Samanids, fl. first half of the 4th/10th century.
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ABŪ AḤMAD MONAJJEM
A. E. Khairallah
(241/855-56 to 13 Rabīʿ I 300/29 October 912), literary historian, music theorist, poet, and Muʿtazilite, boon companion to caliphs Mowaffaq, Moʿtażed, and Moktafī.
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ABŪ ʿALĪ AḤMAD B. ŠĀḎĀN
C. E. Bosworth
governor (ʿamīd) of Balḵ and northern Afghanistan under the Saljuq ruler of Khorasan, Čaḡrī Beg Dāʾūd, and then under his son, Alp Arslan.
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ABŪ ʿALĪ BALḴĪ
Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh
author of a Šāh-nāma, according to Bīrūnī (Āṯār al-bāqīa, pp. 99f.).
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ABŪ ʿALĪ DĀMḠĀNĪ
C. E. Bosworth
vizier of the Samanids in the last years of their power.
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ABŪ ʿALĪ DAQQĀQ
J. Chabbi
ascetic of Nīšāpūr (d. 405/1015).
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ABŪ ʿALĪ FĀRESĪ
I. Abbas
(288-377/900-87), grammarian at the court of the Buyid ʿAżod-al-dawla (d. 366/977).
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ABŪ ʿALĪ MESKAWAYH
Cross-Reference
Persian chancery official and treasury clerk of the Buyid period, boon companion, litterateur and accomplished writer in Arabic on a variety of topics, including history, theology, philosophy and medicine (d. 421/1030). See MESKAWAYH, ABU ʿALI AḤMAD.
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ABŪ ʿALĪ QALANDAR
Kh. A. Nizami
(also known as SHAH BŪ ʿALĪ QALANDAR), Indian poet and saint, d. 725/1324. His mausoleum at Panipat remains a popular center for pilgrimage.
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ABŪ ʿAMR AL-MĀZOLĪ
J. van Ess
Karrāmī theologian, fl. mid-4th/mid-10th century.
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ABŪ ʿAṬĀ
G. Tsuge
one of the twelve modes in the dastgāh system of classical Iranian music; more precisely, it should be called āvāz-e Abū ʿAṭā or naḡma-ye Abū ʿAṭā.
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ABŪ ʿAWĀNA
J. A. Wakin
a Shafeʿite legal scholar and traditionist.
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ABŪ ʿAWN
R. W. Bulliet
a distinguished ʿAbbasid general, twice governor of Egypt and once of Khorasan.
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ABŪ BAKR AL-WARRĀQ
B. Reinert
Sufi shaikh, born in Termeḏ, lived and worked in Balḵ, d. 280/893.
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ABŪ BAKR B. ABĪ ṢĀLEḤ
C. E. Bosworth
vizier of the Ghaznavids in the 5th/11th century.
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ABŪ BAKR B. PAHLAVĀN
Cross-Reference
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ABŪ BAKR B. SAʿD
B. Spuler
(623-58/1226-60), member of the Salghurid dynasty, atabeg of Fārs.
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ABŪ BAKR ḤAṢĪRĪ
Ḡ. Ḥ. Yūsofī
Shafeʿite faqīh (jurist) and Ghaznavid official, d. 424/1033.
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ABŪ BAKR KALĀBĀḎĪ
W. Madelung
author of the well-known compendium of Sufism al-Taʿarrof le-maḏhab ahl al-taṣawwof.
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ABŪ BAKR MARVAZĪ
A. A. Ivanov
7th/13th century metalworker.
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ABŪ BAKR NAYSĀBŪRĪ
M. J. McDermott
a jurist loosely belonging to the Shafeʿite school.
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ABŪ BAKR QOHESTĀNĪ
Ḡ. Ḥ. Yūsofī
fl. 5th/11th century, a courtier and man of letters under the Ghaznavids and Saljuqs; himself a poet, he patronized poetry generously.
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ABŪ BAKR SAMARQANDĪ
I. Abbas
(d. 268/881), a Hanafite jurist about whose life the available sources furnish no information.
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ABŪ BAKR SARAḴSĪ
J. W. Clinton
a follower (but apparently not a contemporary) of Shaikh Abū Saʿīd b. Abi’l-Ḵayr (d. 440/1049).
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ABŪ BAKR ṬŪSĪ ḤAYDARĪ
B. Lawrence
7th/13th century Indo-Muslim saint.
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ABŪ ḎARR BŪZJĀNĪ
M. N. Osmanov
a Persian poet and Sufi shaikh contemporary with Sebüktigin (d. 387/997).
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ABŪ ḎARR HERAVĪ
J. A. Wakin
a traditionist known primarily for his role in the transmission of Boḵārī’s Jāmeʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ.
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ABŪ DOLAF AL-YANBŪʿĪ
R. W. Bulliet
Arab traveler, poet, and frequenter of the Buyid court (ca. mid-4th/10th century).