Table of Contents

  • ĀBĪ, ABŪ SAʿĪD

    M. M. Mazzaoui

    11th-century vizier and man of letters.

  • ĀBĪ, ʿEZZ-AL-DĪN

    Abu’l-Qāsem Gorji

    Imami faqīh (jurist) of the 13th century.

  • ABIRĀDŪŠ

    M. Dandamayev

    a village in Elam.

  • ABIRATTA(Š)

    M. Mayrhofer

    ancient Near Eastern proper name said to be of (Indo-)Aryan origin, by comparison with Vedic ratha, Avestan raθa “chariot.” This analysis, however, remains uncertain.

  • ABĪVARD

    C. E. Bosworth

     a town in medieval northern Khorasan.

  • ABĪVARDĪ, ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR

    L. A. Giffen

    poet, historian, and writer on genealogy (d. 1113).

  • ABĪVARDĪ, ḤOSĀM-AL-DĪN

    L. A. Giffen

    jurisconsult, mathematician and logician (d. 1413).

  • ABJAD

    G. Krotkoff

     “alphabet,” a word formed from the first four letters of the Semitic alphabet.

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  • ABJADĪ

    M. Baqir

    Poetical name of MĪR MOḤAMMAD ESMĀʿĪL KHAN, 18th century south-Indian poet of Persian and Urdu.

  • ABḴĀZ

    Dzh. Giunashvili

    (also APSUA, APSNI), ethnic group of the Caucasus.

  • ABLUTION, ISLAMIC

    I. K. Poonawala

    (vożūʾ), the minor ritual purification performed before prayers.

  • ABLUTION, ZOROASTRIAN

    Cross-Reference

    See PADYĀB.

  • ABNĀʾ

    C. E. Bosworth

    "sons," term for the offspring of Persian soldiers and officials in the Yemen and of Arab mothers.

  • ABOULITES

    C. J. Brunner

    satrap of Susiana under Darius III, at the time of the Achaemenid collapse.

  • ABRADATAS

    C. J. Brunner

     a fictional king of Susa in Xenophon’s fictional, didactic life of Cyrus (Cyropaedia, books 5-7).

  • ABRAHAM

    Cross-Reference

    See EBRĀHĪM.

  • ABRAHAM OF CRETE

    George A. Bournoutian

    (Kretatsʾi; b. Kandia, Crete, ?- d. Ejmiatsin, 18 April 1737), a leader of the Armenian Church and the author of a chronicle about Nāder Shah Afšār.

  • ABRAHAM OF EREVAN

    George A. Bournoutian

    the author of a history of the wars in Armenian at the time of Nāder Shah Afšār.

  • ABRAHAM OF KAŠKAR

    Florence Jullien

    Christian monk of the 6th century CE, regarded as father of the monks in the Orient.

  • ABRAHAMIAN, ROUBEN

    Jennifer Manoukian

    Armenian Iranist, linguist, and translator. One of the first teachers of Pahlavi language at University of Tehran.