Table of Contents

• ABU’L-HOḎAYL AL-ʿALLĀF

  J. van Ess

  (ca. 135-227/752-841?), early Muʿtazilite theologian of universal reputation.

• ABU’L-ḤOSAYN BAṢRĪ

  D. Gimaret

  Muʿtazilite theologian and lawyer, d. 436/1044. 

• ABU’L-ḤOSAYN KĀTEB

  C. E. Bosworth

  official of the Buyids and writer in Arabic of the 4th/10th century. 

• ABU’L-JĀRŪD HAMDĀNĪ

  W. Madelung

  Kufan Shiʿite scholar and leader of the early Zaydite group named after him, the Jārūdīya.

• ABU’L-ḴAṬṬĀB ASADĪ

  A. Sachedina

  Founder of the extremist Shiʿite sect Ḵaṭṭābīya.

• ABU’L-ḴAYR B. AL-ḴAMMĀR

  W. Madelung

  Nestorian Christian physician, philosopher, theologian, and translator, b. Rabīʿ I, 331/November, 942 in Baghdad.

• ABU’L-ḴAYR KHAN

  Y. Bregel

  A descendant of Šïban (the younger son of Joči) and ruler of the Uzbek nomadic state in Dašt-e Qïpčaq in the 15th century.

• ABU'L-KHAYRIDS

  Yuri Bregel

  name used for the dynasty that ruled the khanate of Bukhara in 906-1007/1500-99. Until recently, this dynasty was incorrectly called in Western literature “Shaybanids” (or “Shibanids”).

• ABU’L-LAYṮ SAMARQANDĪ

  J. van Ess

  productive Hanafite jurist, author of a Koran commentary and of popular paraenetical works.

• ABU’L-MAʿĀLĪ

  J. van Ess

  Author of Bayān al-adyān, the oldest work on religions and sects written in Persian (11th-12th centuries).

• ABU’L-MAʿṢŪM MĪRZĀ

  D. Duda

  Safavid painter, portraitist, draftsman, engraver, and expert in artistic bookbinding and restoring who was extolled by the historian Qāżī Aḥmad (16th century).

• ABU’L-MAṮAL BOḴĀRĪ

  J. W. Clinton

  (or BOḴĀRĀʾĪ), a poet of the Samanid court.

• ABU’L-MOʾAYYAD BALḴĪ

  G. Lazard

  An early Persian poet and writer of the Samanid period, whose works have almost entirely disappeared.

• ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR ḴᵛĀFĪ

  H. Halm

  Shafeʿite jurist and traditionist (d. in Ṭūs in 500/1106) . He was one of the most important students of Emām-al-ḥaramayn Jovaynī.

• ABU’L-QĀSEM ʿABDALLĀH KĀŠĀNĪ

  P. P. Soucek

  Historian of the reign of the Il-khan Olǰāytū and member of the Abū Ṭāher family of potters (14th century). 

• ABU’L-QĀSEM ʿALĪ B. ḤASAN

  C. E. Bosworth

  Vizier to the atabeg of Lorestān Šams-al-dawla Ḡāzī Beg Aydoḡmuš (7th/13th century).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD

  R. W. Bulliet

  A wealthy dehqān from Sabzavār who was prominent as a founder of madrasas in the second decade of the 5th/11th century.

• ABU’L-QĀSEM EBRĀHĪM SOLṬĀN

  EIr

  The only son of Kāmrān Mīrza, brother and rival of the Mughal emperor Homāyūn (r. 937-47, 962-63/1530-40, 1555-56).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM ESḤĀQ SAMARQANDI

  W. Madelung

  Hanafite scholar, Sufi, and judge (qāżī) of Samarqand (9th-10th centuries).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM HĀRŪN

  K. A. Luther

  Vizier of Atabeg Ozbek b. Moḥammad b. Eldagōz, ruler of Azerbaijan, 607-22/1210-25.

• ABU’L-QĀSEM KAʿBĪ

  J. van Ess

  Administrator and intellectual of Persian descent, Hanafite jurist and foremost representative of the Moʿtazela in Khorasan (d. Šaʿbān, 319/February, 931).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM KERMĀNĪ

  D. Pingree

  Author of a Ketāb fī oṣūl al-aḥkām (“Book concerning the foundations of astrological judgments”).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM KHAN EBRĀHĪMĪ

  D. MacEoin

  Fourth head of the Kermānī branch of the Šayḵī school of Shiʿism (19th-20th centuries).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM KŪFĪ

  L. Giffen

  Scholar of philosophy, theology, and other disciplines who was at first an Emāmī Shiʿite but later embraced a form of extreme Shiʿism (d. near Šīrāz, 352/962).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM MOḤAMMAD ASLAM

  S. Moinul Haq

  (pen name MONʿEMĪ), 18th-century historian of Kashmir.

• ABU’L-QĀSEM NĀʾĪNĪ

  L. Richter-Bernburg

  Major representative (practitioner, instructor, author) of traditional medicine in late Qajar Persia (1245-1322/1829-30 to 1904-05).

• ABU’L-QĀSEM SAʿĪD

  D. Duda

  calligrapher named in the colophon of a Koran manuscript written in early nasḵī script. In the colophon the scribe calls himself the son or grandson of a pupil of Jawharī. That famous Arab lexicographer (originally from Turkestan) after extensive travels, settled in Nīšāpūr to teach, copy books, and pursue a literary career.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ABU’L-QĀSEM SOLṬĀN

  M. H. Pathan

  Bēglār chief of Sind, b. at Nasarpur, Sind, in 969/1562.

• ABU’L-RAYḤĀN BĪRŪNĪ

  Cross-Reference

  Scholar and polymath of the period of the late Samanids and early Ghaznavids and one of the two greatest intellectual figures of his time in the eastern lands of the Muslim world (362/973-after 442/1050). See BĪRŪNĪ, ABU’L-RAYḤĀN.

• ABU’L-RAYYĀN EṢFAHĀNĪ

  C. Cahen

  Buyid vizier (10th century).

• ABU’L-ŠAYḴ EṢFAHĀNĪ

  Cross-Reference

  Traditionist and Koran commentator, important principally for his Ṭabaqāt al-moḥaddeṯī (274-369/887-979). See EṢFAHĀNĪ, ABU’L-ŠAYḴ.

• ABU’L-TAYYEB ṬABARĪ

  J. Wakin

  Jurisconsult, judge (qāżī), and professor of legal sciences; he was regarded by his contemporaries as one of the leading Shafeʿites of 5th/11th century Baghdad.

• ABU’L-ṬAYYEB ṬĀHER

  M. Forstner

  founder of the Taherid dynasty of Khorasan; born 139/775-76 in Pūšang (Būšang), died 207/822 in Marv.

• ABU’L-WAFĀ B. SAʿID

  D. Pingree

  Author in Persian (15th century).

• ABU’L-WAFĀ BŪZJĀNI

  D. Pingree

  Mathematician and astronomer (10th-11th century).

• ABU’L-WAFĀʾ ḴᵛĀRAZMĪ

  H. Landolt

  Famous Sufi of Kobrawī affiliation, esoterist, scholar, poet, and musician (d. 835/1431-32).

• ABU’L-WAFĀʾ ŠĪRĀZĪ

  H. Algar

  Sufi of Shiraz, morīd of the well-known preacher, mystic and writer, Shah Dāʿī Elā Allāh Šīrāzī (fl. 10th/16th century).

• ABU’L-WAZIR MARVAZĪ

  L. A. Giffen

  Secretary and author (d. 186/802).

• ABU’L-YANBAḠĪ

  Y. Richard

  Iranian poet (d. 230/844).

• ABYĀNA

  E. Yarshater

  From a number of lingering old customs and practices it appears that the total conversion of Abyāna from Zoroastrianism to Islam took place relatively late. The inhabitants exhibit with pride an awareness of the ancient customs of the village.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ABYĀNAʾĪ

  E. Yarshater

  Dialect spoken in the village of Abyāna, one of a number of closely similar dialects spoken in the villages of Kāšān and its neighboring districts, all belonging to the Central Dialects of Iran (or Southern Median).

• ĀBYĀR

  E. Ehlers

  Title of the person given official charge of the irrigation of ābī “irrigated” lands.

• ĀBYĀRĪ

  B. Spooner

  Persian term meaning "irrigation." Although dry farming is important in Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and Khorasan, as well as some other districts, a large proportion of Iran’s agriculture has always depended upon irrigation. This article concentrates on the preindustrial forms that not only have been important in the evolution of Iranian culture and civilization but have constituted an important Iranian contribution to the development of water management systems in other parts of the world.

• ABZARĪ, ḴᵛĀJA ʿAMĪD-AL-DĪN

  A. E. Khairallah

  Poet and the vizier of the Salghurid Atabeg of Fārs Saʿd b. Zangī (594-623/1197-1226).

• ABZŌN

  M. F. Kanga

  Middle Persian term meaning “prosperity, increase” in Zoroastrianism.

• Ab~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Cross-Reference

  list of all the figure and plate images in the Ab entries