Table of Contents
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ĀBĀDĀN ii. The modern city
X. de Planhol
At the turn of this century the alluvial island of ʿAbbādān had a few peasant hamlets and a scattering of palm groves along the coast. The city which developed after 1900 under a foreign impulse has a structure unique among Iran’s urban forms.
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ĀBĀDĀN iii. Basic Population Data, 1956-2011
Mohammad Hossein Nejatian
the population growth from 1956 to 2011, age structure, average household size, literacy rate, economic activity status for 2006 and/or 2011, and population projection from 2014 to 2021.
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ĀBĀDĪ
Ahmad Ashraf
“Settlement, inhabited space,” Persian term usally applied to the rural environment; in colloquial usage it often refers to towns and cities as well.
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ABĀLIŠ
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
Zoroastrian of the 9th century A.D. who apostatized to Islam.
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ĀBĀN
Mary Boyce
Middle Persian term meaning “the waters” (Av. āpō). In Indo-Iranian the word for water is grammatically feminine; the element itself was always characterized as female and was represented by a group of goddesses, the Āpas.
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ABĀN B. ʿABD-AL-ḤAMĪD
I. Abbas
late 2nd/8th century poet. He was of a Persian family, originally from Fasā, which had settled (probably at an early date) in Baṣra.
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ĀBĀN MĀH
Mary Boyce
the eighth month of the Zoroastrian year, dedicated to the waters, Ābān.
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ĀBĀN YAŠT
Mary Boyce
Middle Persian name of the fifth hymn among the Zoroastrian hymns to individual divinities. It is the third longest, with 131 verses.
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ĀBĀNAGĀN
Cross-Reference
the name used by Bīrūnī (Āṯār, p. 224) for the Zoroastrian feast-day dedicated to the Waters, which was celebrated on the day Ābān of the month Ābān. See further under ĀBĀN MĀH.
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ĀBĀNDOḴT
W. L. Hanaway, Jr.
Character in the prose romance Dārāb-nāma of Abū Ṭāher Moḥammad b. Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Ṭarsūsī, a storyteller of the Ghaznavid period.
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ABAQA
Peter Jackson
(or ABAḠA, “paternal uncle” in Mongolian; ABĀQĀ in Persian and Arabic), eldest son and first successor of the Il-khan Hülegü.
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ʿABAQĀT AL-ANWĀR
ʿA.-N. Monzavi
a large Persian and Arabic work by Mīr Ḥāmed Ḥosayn b. Moḥammad-qolī b. Moḥammad b. Ḥāmed of Lucknow on the legitimacy of the imamate and the defense of Shiʿite theology.
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ABAR NAHARA
Cross-Reference
Aramaic name for the lands to the west of the Euphrates—i.e., Phoenicia, Syria, and Palestine (Parpola, p. 116; Zadok, p. 129; see ASSYRIA ii). These regions apparently passed from Neo-Babylonian to Persian control in 539 B.C.E. when Cyrus the Great conquered Mesopotamia. See EBER-NĀRĪ.
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ABARKĀVĀN
M. Kasheff
Late Sasanian name of Qešm island in the Straits of Hormoz.
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ABARQOBĀḎ
C. E. Bosworth
Ancient town of lower Iraq between Baṣra and Vāseṭ, to the east of the Tigris, in the region adjacent to Ahvāz, known in pre-Islamic and early Islamic times as Mēšūn (Mid. Pers. form) or Maysān/Mayšān (Syriac and Arabic forms).
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ABARQUH
Multiple Authors
(or ABARQŪYA), a town in northern Fārs; it was important in medieval times, but, being off the main routes, it is now largely decayed.
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ABARQUH i. History
C. E. Bosworth
In present-day Iran, Abarqūh is situated in the tenth ostān, that of Isfahan, and forms a baḵš or district of the šahrestān of Yazd.
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ABARQUH ii. Monuments
R. Hillenbrand
Numerous pre-Safavid monuments survive in Abarqūh, but the lack of important later buildings suggests a sharp decline in the city’s wealth.
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ABARŠAHR
H. Gaube
Name of Nīšāpūr province in western Khorasan. From the early Sasanian period, Nišāpur, which was founded or rebuilt by Šāpur I in the first years of his reign, was the administrative center of the province.
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ABARSĀM
E. Yarshater
(APURSĀM in Middle Persian), a dignitary and high-ranking officeholder of the court of the Sasanian king Ardašīr I (A.D. 226-42).