L ENTRIES: CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
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Figure 1. Henry Layard. Undated woodburytype, published in Men of Mark: A Gallery of Contemporary Portraits of Men Distinguished in the Senate, the Church, in Science, Literature and Art, the Army, Navy, Medicine, etc., photographed from life by Whitfield and Lock, with brief biographical notices by Thompson Cooper, vol. II, London, 1877 (reduced, orig. length 28 cm). Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Otto Helmut Wolfgang Lentz. |
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Figure 1. Persian leopard, a three-year old male (photograph by E. Firouz, 1972). |
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Figure 1. Photograph of David Malcolm Lewis. |
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Figure 1. Lion rug, Qašqāʾi, with inscription: "Ordered by Naṣr-Allāh Khan [in the] year [1]336 (1917)." 220 × 150 cm. Collection of Manijeh and Parviz Tanavoli. |
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LION RUGS |
Figure 2. Lion rug, Qašqāʾi, mid-19th century. 211 × 111 cm. Collection of Manijeh and Parviz Tanavoli. |
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LION RUGS |
Figure 3. Lion rug, Qašqāʾi (Kashkuli), dated 1300/1882. 215 × 150 cm. Collection of Manijeh and Parviz Tanavoli. |
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Figure 1. Headless lion tombstone at Ḵezr-e zenda shrine in Lāli, Khuzestan. |
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LION TOMBSTONES |
Figure 2. Drawings of some lion head designs found in the Lāli Plateau, Khuzestan. Top Row, from left to right: Ḵezr-e zenda, Naqö-e jahān, Sar-e mazār-e čāh. Middle Row, from left to right: Ḵezr-e zenda, Konārčāh, Ḵezr-e zenda. Bottom Row, from left to right: Tang-e Bābā Aḥmad, Tang-e hāti, Ḵezr-e zenda. |
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LION TOMBSTONES |
Figure 3. Drawings of some of the motifs found on the flanks of lion tombstones. |
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Figure 1. Two literacy corpsmen on the way to the villages. Courtesy of the author. |
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LITERACY CORPS |
Figure 2. Two literacy corpswomen. Courtesy of the author. |
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Figure 1. The title page of the Dalāʾel al-ḵayrāt of Abu ʿAbd-Allāh Moḥammad b. Solaymān Jazuli; Tashkent, printing house of Kamensky brothers, 1893. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 2. The title page of the Molaḵḵaṣ al-ansāb of Ḵᵛāja Mofti al-Musawi al-Rażawi al-Samarqandi; Samarqand, printing house of Demurov, 1326/1908. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 3. The title page for the Aḥādiṯ al-aʿmāl (anonymous); Bukhara, 1330/1912. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 4. The head-piece (ʿonwān) of the Ṣalāt-e Masʿudi of Masʿud b. Maḥmud Samarqandi; Tashkent, printing house of Ilʾyin, 1321-22/1904. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 5. The head-piece (ʿonwān) of the Nafaḥāt al-ons of ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi; Tashkent, printing house of Portsev, 1915. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 6. A page from the Nafaḥāt al-ons of ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi; Tashkent, printing house of Portsev, 1915. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 7. Golestān of Saʿdi with an Uzbek translation; Tashkent, “Ḡolāmiya” printing house of Arifdzhanov, 1328/1910. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 8. An illustration from the Golestān of Saʿdi with an Uzbek translation, Tashkent; “Ḡolāmiya” printing house of Arifdzhanov, 1328/1910. |
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LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia |
Figure 9. The head-piece (ʿonwān) of the Haft owrang of ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi; Tashkent, printing house of Yakovlev, 1331/1913-14. |
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Figure 1. The title page of the Sekandar-nāma of Neẓāmi Ganjavi; Lucknow, “Ḥosayni” printing house of Mir Ḥasan Rażawi, 1843. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 10. An illustration from the Maʿlumāt al-āfāq of Amin-al-Din Khan al-Ḥosayni al-Haravi; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1873. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 11. An illustration from the Majāles al-ʿoššāq ascribed to Solṭān-Ḥosayn Bāyqarā; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1876. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 2. The title page of the Majāles al-ʿoššāq ascribed to Solṭān-Ḥosayn Bāyqarā; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1876. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 3. The title page of the Dāstān-e Amir Ḥamza; Bombay, late 19th-early 20th century, published by Mirzā Moḥammad Malek-al-kottāb Širāzi. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 4. The title page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 5. The head-piece (ʿonwān) and the first page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 6. Corrigenda for the Sekandar-nāma of Neẓāmi Ganjavi; Lucknow, “Ḥosayni” printing house of Mir Ḥasan Rażawi, 1843. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 7. The colophon of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 8. An illustration from the first volume of the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsi; Bombay, printing house of Dādu Miān, 1272/1855-56. Colours applied by hand at a later time. |
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LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India |
Figure 9. An illustration for the ʿAjāʾeb al-maḵluqāt by Zakariyā b. Moḥammad Qazvini; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1313/1895. |
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Figure 1. Portrait of Mirzā ʿAbd-al-Wahhāb Maḵram Lesān-al-Molk by Ṣaniʿ-al-Molk. Farhang-e ḵodā-parasti, Tehran, State Printing House, 1281/1864. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 10. Title page of the Taḏkerat al-ḵaṭṭāṭin also known as Emteḥān al-fożalaʾ of Mirzā Sanglāḵ Dowrān; Tabriz, printing house of Karbalāʾi Asad Āqā, 1291-95/1874-78. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 11. Colophon of the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsi; Tehran, printing house of Ḥājji ʿAbd-al-Moḥammad Rāzi, 1265-67/1848-51; reprint of the edition of the book-seller Moḥammad-Mahdi Eṣfahāni, made upon the order of the book-seller Ḥājji Moḥammad-Ḥosayn tājer Ṭehrāni; copyist Moṣṭafā-qoli b. Moḥammad-Hādi Solṭān Kajuri. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 12. Colophon of the Ḵamsa of Neẓāmi; Tehran, 1264/1848; copyist ʿAli-Asḡar Tafreöi; lithographer Moḥammad-Reżāʾ; painter Mirzā ʿAli-qoli Ḵoʾi. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 13. First page of the Maḵzan al-enšāʾ; Tehran, printing house of Āqā Sayyed Mahdi, 1285-86/1869; compiled and transcribed by Moḥammad-Reżāʾ b. Moḥammad-Raḥim Kalhor. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 14. Right side of the double-page frontispiece for the ʿEšq-nāma of Asad-Allāh Khan Ḡāleb; Tabriz, printing house of Āqā Reżāʾ, 1283/1866. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 15. Left side of the double-page frontispiece for the ʿEšq-nāma of Asad-Allāh Khan Ḡāleb; Tabriz, printing house of Āqā Reżāʾ, 1283/1866. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 2. First page of the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsi with a head-piece (ʿonwān); Tehran, printing house of Āqā Mortaża, 1319-22/1901-05; edition initiated by Amir Bahādor Ḥosayn-Pāšā Khan; text prepared by Mubad ʿAbd-al-ʿAli Kāöāni; foreword by Moḥammad-Ṣādeq al-Ḥosayni Farāhāni; painters: Moṣawwer-al-Molk, Moḥammad-Kāẓem, Ḥosayn-ʿAli, ʿAliḵān; lithographers Mirzā Ḥosayn and Āqā Mirzā ʿAbbāsi; copyist Moḥammad-Ḥosayn ʿEmād-al-Kottāb. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 3. The title page of the Dāstān-e Amir Ḥamza; Bombay, late 19th-early 20th century, published by Mirzā Moḥammad Malek-al-kottāb äirāzi. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 4. The title page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi;Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 5. The head-piece (ʿonwān) and the first page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 6. Corrigenda for the Sekandar-nāma of Neẓāmi Ganjavi; Lucknow, “Ḥosayni” printing house of Mir Ḥasan Rażawi, 1843. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 7. Title page of the Ajmal al-tawāriḵ of Reżā-qoli Khan Hedāyat, published together with the ʿEšq-nāma and ḡazals of Asad-Allāh Khan Ḡāleb; Tabriz, printing house of Āqā Reżāʾ, 1283/1866. Copyist Moḥammad-ʿAli Tabrizi; publisher Karbalāʾi Moḥammad-Ḥosayn. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 8. First page of the first volume of the Taḏkerat al-ḵaṭṭāṭin or Emteḥān al-fożalaʾ of Mirzā Sanglāḵ Dowrān; Tabriz, printing house of Karbalāʾi Asad Āqā, 1291-95/1874-78. |
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LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia |
Figure 9. First page of the second volume of the Taḏkerat al-ḵaṭṭāṭin or Emteḥān al-fożalaʾ of Mirzā Sanglāḵ Dowrān; Tabriz, printing house of Karbalāʾi Asad Āqā, 1291-95/1874-78. |
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Figure 1. Lizards: Laudakia caucasica. (S. C. Anderson photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 2. Lizards: Uromastyx asmussi. (S. C. Anderson photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 3. Lizards: Anguis fragilis. (S. C. Anderson photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 4. Lizards: Eublepharis turcmenicus. (J. R. Macey photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 5. Lizards: Asaccus elisae. (S. C. Anderson photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 6. Lizards: Acanthodactylus grandis. (S. C. Anderson photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 7. Lizards: Ophiomorus brevipes. (S. C. Anderson photograph) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 8. Lizards: Varanus griseus caspius. (Photograph by Masoud Yousefi) |
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LIZARDS |
Figure 9. Lizards: Diplometopon zarudnyi. |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Laurence Lockhart. |
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Figure 1. Bronze lock, goat shape, 11-13th centuries. 4.5 × 4.5 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 2. Steel lock, lion shape, 15-16th centuries. 10 × 7 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 3. Combination lock, brass, copper, and steel, 15th-16th centuries. 14 × 9 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 4. Shrine lock, silver, 15th-16th centuries. 14 × 9 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 5. Shrine lock, steel, 16th-17th centuries. 9.5 × 5.5 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 6. Detail of the grillwork surrounding the tomb of Imam Reżā in Mashad. (Photograph by Parviz Tanavoli, 1974) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 7. Talisman lock, steel, 19th-early 20th centuries. 9.5 × 5.5 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 8. Brass lock, lion shape, 17th-18th centuries. 4 × 5 cm. ((The Tanavoli Collection) |
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LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN |
Figure 9. Brass and steel lock, fish shape, 19th century. 6 × 3 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection) |
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Figure 1. Body of a female locust, Calliptamus italicus (L.), side view; left pairs of wings are removed. (After Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, Part 1, p. 3.) Legends: 1, front; 2, ocellus; 3, eye; 4, head; 5, thorax; 6, pronotum; 7, abdomen; 8, tympanic organ; 9, wings; 10, ovipositor; 11, tarsus; 12, tibia; 13, femur; 14, antenna. |
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LOCUST |
Figure 2. A sketch of the structure of egg pods; Dociostaurus brevicollis (Ev.). left, and D. kraussi (Ing.), right, compared. (After Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, Part 1, p. 26.) Legends: 1, lid; 2, foamy mass; 3, earthen walls; 4, membranous wall; 5, membranous divisions; 6, egg. |
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LOCUST |
Figure 3. Gregarious immature adults of the Desert Locust. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Michel Lecog) |
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LOCUST |
Figure 4. A Desert Locust swarm acting like a fog by covering the Sun and reducing the visibility. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Hans Brèdo) |
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LOCUST |
Figure 5. The Moroccan Locust, adult. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Antoine Foucart, CIRAD) |
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LOCUST |
Figure 6. The Italian Locust, adult. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Antoine Foucart, CIRAD) |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Vladimir Grigoríevich Lukonin. |
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Figure 1. Gravestone from Pela Kabud in the Holaylān valley, dated 1277/1860-61, covering the grave of Naẓarqoli. In the center of the stone is a panel with a geometric design, possibly a symbol representing the Garden of Eden (bāḡ-e behešt). At its base is a section with pictorial figures distinctive of a man: a prayer stone, a string of prayer beads, and a man’s comb, characterized by its half-globular shape. A poem is incised along the edge of the gravestone. (Photograph by the author, September 1977). |
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LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs |
Figure 2. A woman’s stele from Pela Kabud in the Holaylān valley, erected at the head of a grave, dated 1348/1929-30. Facing the grave is a motif typical of the woman’s life: a vertical loom with a half-finished carpet. Below the loom three women are shown, each with a weft-beater in her hand. (Photograph by the author, October 1974). |
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LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs |
Figure 3a. One face of a double-faced stele from Pela Kabud in the Holaylān valley, erected at the head of a man’s grave, dated 1274/1857. At one side is shown a mounted horseman accompanied by three tribesmen, each carrying a gun with a fixed bayonet. (Photograph by the author, October 1974). |
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LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs |
Figure 3b. The other face of the stele, associated with death and burial, shows a riderless horse with the weapons of the deceased: a gun, a sword, and a shield, tied to the high wooden saddle. Below this scene three mourning women are seen, their arms resting on each other’s shoulders. (Photograph by the author, October 1974). |
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Figure 1. Map of Luristan with the main Iron Age sites (drawing Erik Smekens). |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 2. Luristan bronzes discovered during excavations at Bard-i Bal (axe 1, whetstones 5-6, idols 7-8, pendant 12), Kutal-i Gulgul (axe 2), War Kabud (axe-adze 4), Tattulban (idol 10), Khatunabad B (axe 3, idol 9), and Bab Djan (idol 11). |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 3. Luristan horse bits with decorative cheek pieces in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 4. Luristan idols in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 5. A Luristan halberd made of bronze (left) and one with an iron blade and bronze socket in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 6. Decorated hilt of an iron sword (Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels). |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 7. Lion-headed pins in bronze (top), bronze and iron {middle), and iron (bottom) in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 8. Bronze pins with large decorated sheet metal and cast pinheads in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. |
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LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research |
Figure 9. Plan and burial goods, including an idol, of a tomb at Tattulban (Pusht-i Kuh) dating from the beginning of the Iron Age III. |
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Figure 1. Reconstruction of a broken up Luristan quiver plate (after Amiet, 1976, cat. 197 and Y. and A. Godard, 1954, pl. 19). Upper part in the DÈpartment des Antiquités Orientales, Musée du Louvre (formerly D. David-Weill collection; acquired by D. David-Weill in 1939); lower part in the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels (formerly E. Graeffe collection, acquired by E, Graeffe between 1936 and 1945). |
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LURISTAN BRONZES ii. Chronology |
Figure 2. Luristan pastiches: idols fixed to supports by inserting clothing pins (after Godard, 1931, pls. LII, LIV). |
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LURISTAN BRONZES ii. Chronology |
Figure 3. Luristan pastiche: a bronze bowl mounted on a stand and fitted with idol fragments, exhibited at the 1931 exhibition at Burlington House, London (after Potratz, 1963, pl. XLIII). |
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Figure 1. Photograph of Heinz Luschey. |
(Cross-Reference)
Originally Published: January 1, 2000
Last Updated: August 26, 2015
