Table of Contents

  • JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ ii. Teachings

    Robert Gleave

    teaching is hampered by the fact that his views are reported in support of a number of contradictory theological and legal positions. 

  • JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iii. And Sufism

    Hamid Algar

    all the Sufi orders claim initiatic descent from the Prophet exclusively through ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb, the first imam of the Ahl al-Bayt, and many speak also of a selselat al-ḏahab (golden chain), linking them with all of the first eight of the Twelve Imams.

  • JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ iv. And Esoteric sciences

    Daniel De Smet

    a major figure in Shiʿite esotericism, is purported to be the founder of occult science in Islam. According to Imami-Shiʿite tradition, his knowledge concerned “the exoteric (al-ẓāher), the esoteric (al-bāṭen), and the esoteric of the esoteric (bāṭen al-bāṭen).” 

  • JAʿFAR AL-ṢĀDEQ v. And herbal medicine

    Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi

    work on medicine (Ṭebb al-Emām al-Ṣādeq) belongs to a genre of traditional herbal medicine attributed to the Shiʿite imams and known as the Medicine of the imams (ṭebb al-aʾemma), whose salient figure is Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq.

  • JAʿFAR B. MANṢUR-AL-YAMAN

    Hamid Haji

    a high-ranking Ismaʿili author who flourished in the 10th century, during the reigns of the first four Fatimid caliphs.

  • JAʿFAR B. MOḤAMMAD B. ḤARB

    Joseph van Ess

    (d. 850), ABU’L-FAŻL AL-HAMDĀNI, also called al-Ašajj ("scar-face" or "skull-broken"), Muʿtazilite theologian who lived in Baghdad.

  • JAʿFAR B. YAḤYĀ BARMAKI

    cross-reference

    See BARMAKIDS.

  • JAʿFAR ḴĀN AZ FARANG ĀMADA

    MARYAM SHARIATI

    acclaimed satirical drama in one act by ʿAli Nowruz, a pen name of the playwright Ḥasan Moqaddam (1895-1925).

  • JAʿFAR KHAN BAḴTIĀRI

    cross-reference

    See BAḴTIĀRI (1).

  • JAʿFARI, ŠAʿBĀN

    H. E. Chehabi

    (1921-2006), a luṭi of the jāhel variety, athlete, and rightwing political agent from the early 1940s to the early 1950s, who later headed Persia’s traditional sports establishment (zur-ḵāna).

  • JAʿFARQOLI KHAN BAḴTIĀRI

    cross-reference

    See BAḴTIĀRI (1).

  • JAFR

    Gernot Windfuhr

    a term of uncertain etymology used to designate the major divinatory art in Islamic mysticism and gnosis—the art  of discovering the predestined fate of nations, dynasties, religions, and individuals by a variety of methods.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • JAGARḴWIN

    Keith Hitchins

    (or Cegerxwin), pseudonym of Şêxmûs Hesen (1903-1984), considered by many the leading Kurdish poet of the 20th century writing in Kurmanji.

  • JAḠATU

    Nicholas Sims-Williams

    an archeological site in Ḡazni province, Afghanistan, situated about 20 km north of Ḡazni on the route between Ḡazni and Wardak.

  • JAGHATAY

    cross-reference

    See CHAGHATAYID DYNASTY.

  • JAḠMINI, MAḤMUD

    Lutz Richter-Bernburg

    b. Moḥammad b. ʿOmar  (d. 1344), an astronomer from Jaḡmin, a village in Ḵᵛārazm. The author of a brief Arabic survey of mathematical astronomy.

  • JĀḠORI

    A. Monsutti

    a term of uncertain etymological origin for both a tribal section of the Hazāras and a district (woluswāli) of Ḡazni province in Afghanistan.

  • JAHĀN TIMÜR

    Charles Melville

    recognized briefly as Il-khan in Iraq and Mesopotamia in 1339-40 during the period of the collapse of the Il-khanate.

  • JAHĀN-E ZANĀN

    Nassereddin Parvin

    (Women’s World), short-lived magazine, 1921. Published first in Mašhad (four issues) and, after a lapse of about five months, in Tehran (one issue only). 

  • JAHĀN-MALEK ḴĀTUN

    Dominic Parviz Brookshaw

    (d. after 1382), Injuid princess, poet, and contemporary of Ḥāfeẓ. The style and quality of her poetry suggest that she was acquainted with famous male contemporaries Ḥāfeẓ and ʿObayd Zākāni.