Table of Contents
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HUTAOSA
cross-reference
See ATOSSA.
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HUTH, GEORG
Michael Knüppel
(1867-1906) German Indologist, Tibetologist, Tugusologist, Mongolist, and the founder of Tibetology as a field of research at German universities.
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HUTUXŠ
cross-reference
and HUTUXŠBED, artisans as a class and the chief of artisans in Sasanian society. See CLASS SYSTEM ii.
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HUVIŠKA
A. D. H. Bivar
ruler of the Great Kushan lineage, successor of Kaniška I the Great, known chiefly from inscriptions and from a prolific coinage. He reigned from at least the year 28 to 60 of the Kaniška Era, equivalent to 154-86 CE.
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HUZWĀREŠ
D. Durkin-Meisterernst
a term describing the use of Semitic word masks in Middle Persian texts, written in the official orthography of the Sasanian state and surviving in Zoroastrian texts, and a small number of inscriptions, and letters.
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HVARCIERA
cross-reference
See XWARČIHR.
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HYDARNES
Rüdiger Schmitt
(Gk. Hydárnēs), rendering of the Old Persian male name Vidṛna held by several historical persons of the Achaemenid period.
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HYDE, THOMAS
A. V. Williams
(1636-1703), D.D., English orientalist, Professor of Arabic and Hebrew in the University of Oxford, the first scholar to attempt to write a comprehensive description of the religion of Zoroaster.
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HYDERABAD
Gavin Hambly, Deborah Hutton
(Ḥaydarābād), city in the Deccan of India, the former capital of the Nizams (Neẓāms) of Hyderabad (ca. 1724-1948) and at present the state capital of Andhra Pradesh in southern India. It had a three and a half century history as one of the major Muslim states and as a center of Indo-Persian culture in the subcontinent.
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HYDROLOGY
Multiple Authors
i. Iranian plateau. ĀB. ii. Southwestern Persia. iii. Afghanistan. From a hydrological perspective, southwestern Persia must be considered as part of the Persian Gulf drainage region. Extending over an area of more than 350,000 km², its main drainage area covers the central and southwestern Zagros mountain areas with their extremely complex geomorphology.
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HYENA
Steven C. Anderson
Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758), Pers. kaftār. The striped hyena is the only current Asian representative of the mammalian family Hyaenidae. Principal threats to hyena populations today are vehicular traffic (since they scavenge road kills at night), wanton shooting, and secondary poisoning. The hyena is a protected species in Iran.
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HYGIENE
Cross-Reference
See HEALTH IN PERSIA.
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HYMN OF THE PEARL
J. R. Russell
or Hymn of the Soul, a Syriac poem, of which an early Greek translation also exists, composed probably in the third century CE in the region of Edessa.
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HYPERBOLE
N. Chalisova
a figure (or figures) of speech in the classical Persian system of ʿelm al-badiʿ.
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HYRCANIA
cross-reference
See GORGĀN v. Pre-Islamic history.
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HYSTASPES
Cross Reference
father of Darius I. See GOŠTĀSP.
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HYSTASPES, ORACLES OF
Werner Sundermann
(Gk. Khrēseis Hystaspou), a collection of prophecies ascribed to Vištāspa, the patron and follower of Zarathustra.
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Hāji Firuzi
music sample
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Hālā čerā?
music sample
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Ḥanā bandān in Kermān
music sample
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Harāy-āhang-e bolbol
music sample
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Ḥazin
music sample
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Hejāz
music sample
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Hejāz, Bastenegār, Yaquluna, Čāhārpāre
music sample
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Ḥeṣār (part 1)
music sample
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Ḥeṣār (part 2)
music sample
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Ḥeṣār (part 3)
music sample
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Heydar Bābā
music sample
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Hormozi Saʿid
music sample
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Hosayn Khān - Segāh
music sample
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Ḥosayni (1)
music sample
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Ḥosayni (2)
music sample
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Hosaynqoli - Shur
music sample
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Hosaynqoli – Hajiani
music sample
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Hymn of Fozieh
music sample
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H~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Cross-Reference
list of all the figure and plate images in the letter H entries.