Table of Contents
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FABLE
Mahmoud and Teresa P. Omidsalar
a kind of story often defined as “an animal tale with a moral"; there is no exact Persian equivalent of the term, but the words afsāna, dāstān, hekāyat, qeṣṣa, and samar are used to refer to such stories.
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FABRITIUS, LUDVIG
Rudi Matthee
or LODEWYCK (b. Brazil, 1648; died Stockholm, 1729), Swedish envoy to the Safavid court.
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FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN
Multiple Authors
This article will deal with the faculties of Agriculture, Fine Arts, Law and Political Science, Letters and Humanities, and Medicine, which are among the oldest and most important secular institutions of higher education in Persia. Other faculties of the University of Tehran and main faculties of other major universities will be treated under individual UNIVERSITIES.
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FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN i. Faculty of Agriculture
MOḤAMMAD-ḤASAN MAHDAWĪ ARDABĪLĪ
The program was full time for three years, and the students’ expenses were paid by the government. All graduates received the equivalent of bachelors’s degrees in agricultural engineering.
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FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN ii. Faculty of Fine Arts
MORTAŻĀ MOMAYYEZ
Like most other faculties of the University of Tehran, the Faculty of Fine Arts was created by integrating already existing institutions.
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FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN iii. Faculty of Law and Political Science
Ahmad Ashraf
one of the oldest institutions of modern higher education in Persia, founded in 1927 with the merger of the School of Political Science (established in 1899) and the School of Law (established in 1918).
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FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN iv. Faculty of Letters and Humanities
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
The Faculty of Letters and Humanities (Dāneškada-ye adabīyāt wa ʿolūm-e ensānī), originally named the Faculty of Letters, Philosophy, and Educational Sciences (Dāneškada-ye adabīyāt wa falsafa wa ʿolūm-e tarbīatī), was one of the six faculties of the University of Tehran when it was founded in February 1935.
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FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN v. Faculty of Medicine
YŪNOS KARĀMATĪ and EIr
(Dāneškada-ye pezeškī), the pioneering academic institution of modern medicine in Persia, one of the six main faculties of the new University of Tehran in 1934. It was the successor to the Dār al-fonūn Department of Medicine, established in 1851, which had become the School of Medicine (Madrasa-ye ṭebb) in 1919.
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FADĀʾIĀN-E ḴALQ
Peyman Vahabzadeh
a Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group arising from the student movement and the urban middle-class intellectuals and influenced by the Latin American revolutionary discourse, its objective was to instigate, and eventually lead, a popular movement against the Iranian monarchy.
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FĀDŪSBĀN
Cross-Reference
See BĀDŪSPĀN.
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FĀʾEQ ḴĀṢṢA, ABU’L-ḤASAN
C. Edmund Bosworth
(d. Khorasan 999), Turkish eunuch and slave commander of the Samanid army in Transoxania and Khorasan during the closing decades of that dynasty’s power.
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FAḠĀNĪ, BĀBĀ
Cross-Reference
See BĀBĀ FAḠĀNĪ.
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FAGERGREN, CONRAD GUSTAF
Bo Utas
(b. Stockholm, 1818; d. Shiraz, 1879), Swedish physician in Shiraz, 1848-79.
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FAHHĀD, FARĪD-AL-DĪN ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALĪ
David Pingree
the most prolific producer of astronomical tables in the Islamic world. He is credited with a total of six tables, all of which are lost. There are three lists of these tables, given by Moḥammad b. Abū Bakr Fāresī, Šams Monajjem Wābeknavī, and Ḥājī Ḵalīfa.
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FAHLABAḎ
Cross-Reference
See BĀRBAD.
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FAHLAVĪYĀT
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
an appellation given especially to the quatrains and by extension to the poetry in general composed in the old dialects of the Pahla/Fahla regions.
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FAHLĪĀN
Jamšīd Ṣadāqat-Ḵīš
a rural district (dehestān) situated 12 km northwest of Nūrābād in the Mamassanī šahrestān.
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FAHRAJ
Rezazadeh Langarudi
subdistrict (dehestān) and town in the Persian province of Yazd.
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FAḴR-AL-DĪN ĀḎARĪ
Cross-Reference
See under BAHMANID DYNASTY.
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FAḴR-AL-DĪN ASʿAD
Cross-Reference
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FAḴR-AL-DĪN ʿERĀQĪ
Cross-Reference
See ʿERĀQI, FAḴR-AL-DIN.
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FAḴR-AL-DĪN HAMADĀNĪ
Cross-Reference
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FAḴR-al-DĪNZARRĀDĪ, MAWLĀNĀ
Sharif Husain Qasemi
a 14th century spiritual leader of the Češtī Sufi order in India.
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FAḴR-AL-MOLK ARDALĀN
Cross-Reference
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FAḴR-AL-MOLK, ABU’L-FATḤ MOẒAFFAR
C. Edmund Bosworth
b. Neẓām al-Molk (1043-1106/7), eldest son of the great Saljuq vizier and himself vizier to the Saljuq sultans Barkīāroq (1092-1105) and Moḥammad b. Malekšāh (1105-18).
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FAḴR-AL-ZAMĀNĪ QAZVĪNĪ, ʿABD-AL-NABĪ
Cross-reference
See ʿABD-AL-NABĪ QAZVĪNĪ.
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FAḴR-E MODABBER
EIr
pen-name of Moḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Saʿīd, entitled Mobārakšāh, author of two prose works in Persian written in India in the late 12th and early 13th century, a book on genealogy with no formal title and the famous Ādāb al-ḥarb wa’l-šajāʿa.
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FAḴRĀʾĪ, EBRĀHĪM REŻĀZĀDA
Moḥammad-Taqī Pūr Aḥmad Jaktājī
(b. Rašt, 1899; d. Tehran, 1988), educator, journalist, lawyer, and scholar.
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FAḴRĪ BANĀKATĪ
Cross-reference
See BANĀKATĪ.
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FAḴRĪ HERAVĪ, SOLṬĀN-MOḤAMMAD
Sharif Husain Qasemi
b. Moḥammad Amīr Khan (or Solṭān) Amīrī Heravī (b. Herat, ca. 1497, d. probably in Agra, after 1566), poet, scholar, and Sufi who wrote on various aspects of the poetic art.
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FĀḴTA
Hūšang Aʿlam
an obsolete Persian name for a columbine bird, most probably the so-called “collared turtle dove."
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FĀḴTAʾĪ, ḤOSAYN QAWĀMĪ
Cross-Reference
a master vocalist of Persia in the second half of the 20th century. See QAWĀMI, ḤOSAYN.
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FĀL
Cross-reference
See DIVINATION.
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FĀL-ASĪRĪ, Ḥājj Sayyed ʿALĪ-AKBAR
Manṣūr Rastgār FASāʾī
prominent mojtahed of Shiraz (1840-1901). He led the prayer at Wakīl Mosque, where he regularly preached, and for years he wielded great influence in the religious, political, and social affairs of the city. He was an active opponent of the tobacco concession and instigated a riot against it.
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FĀL-NĀMA
Īraj Afšār
a book of presages and omens. The narrower and more common use of the term, equivalent to “bibliomancy,” is confined to texts used as material for divination by the reader directly or through a fortune-teller.
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FALAK
Cross-Reference
Arabic word for "sphere" (pl. aflāk). In Persian works of literature it is often referred to as being responsible for determining people's destiny. See ASTROLOGY AND ASTRONOMY IN IRAN; COSMOGONY AND COSMOLOGY.
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FALAKA
Mahmoud Omidsalar
also falak, čūb o falak; one of the most common instruments of corporal punishment in Persia.
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FALĀḴAN
Parviz Mohebbi
a sling.
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FALAKĪ ŠARVĀNĪ, Abu’l-Neẓām Moḥammad
François de Blois
or ŠERVĀNĪ, a Persian poet of the first half of the 12th century.
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FALĀṬŪRĪ, ʿABD-AL-JAWĀD
Judith Pfeiffer
(b. Isfahan, 1926; d. Berlin, 30 December 1996), professor of Islamic studies at Cologne University (1974-96).
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FALCONS AND FALCONRY
Cross-reference
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FALLĀḤ, REŻĀ
Bāqer ʿĀqelī and EIr
(b. Kāšān, 1910; d. London, 1981), deputy manager of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC; Šerkat-e mellī-e naft-e Īrān), in charge of international relations and marketing.
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FALSAFA
Mansour Shaki
philosophy in the pre-Islamic period. For philosophy in the Islamic period, see also articles under individual authors and schools, e.g., AVICENNA, FĀRĀBĪ, ILLUMINATIONISM, ISFAHAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY, and MOLLĀ ṢADRĀ.
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FALSAFĪ, NAṢR–ALLĀH
Manouchehr Parsadoust
(b. Tehran, 1901; d. 1981), Persian historian, educator, journalist, translator, and poet.
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FALUDY, György
ANDRÁS BODROGLIGETI
(1910-2006), Hungarian poet, translator, and publicist.
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FĀMĪ
Cross-reference
See ABU NAṢR FĀMI.
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FAMILY LAW
Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Mansour Shaki, Jeanette Wakin
legal prescriptions dealing with marriage, divorce, the status of children, inheritance, and related matters.
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FAMILY OF THE PROPHET
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E ʿABĀ, lit. “Family of the cloak.”
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FAMILY PLANNING
Mehdi Amani, Nancy Hatch Dupree
a term for programs to regulate family size that came into use in the West in the 1930s. Although it originally encompassed efforts both to promote and to curtail fertility, explosive population growth in the developing countries since mid-century has narrowed its meaning to control of fertility.
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FAMINES
Xavier de Planhol
in Persia.