Table of Contents
-
ANĪRĀN
Cross-Reference
See ANĒRĀN.
-
ANĪS
L. Pourhadi
a daily Kabul newspaper, in Darī (Persian), with some articles in Pashto.
-
ANĪS AL-ʿOŠŠĀQ
G. M. Wickens
a small handbook of the imagery traditionally used in Persian love poetry, by Ḥasan b. Moḥammad Šaraf-al-din Rāmi (sometimes Zāmi), d. 795/1393.
-
ANĪS AL-ṬĀLEBĪN WA ʿODDAT AL-SĀLEKĪN
H. Algar
one of the most important sources extant for the life and dicta of Bahāʾ-al-dīn Naqšband, eponymous founder of the Naqšbandī Sufi order.
-
ANĪS-AL-DAWLA
G. Nashat
(d. 1314/1896-97), the most important wife of Nāṣer-al-dīn Shah Qāǰār.
-
ANJEDĀN
F. Daftary
village located 37 km east of Arāk (former Solṭānābād) in Markazī province.
-
ANJOMAN (Newspaper)
L. P. Elwell-Sutton
a newspaper published in Tabrīz in February-March 1907 by the Anǰoman-e Mellī of Tabrīz, which had previously published Rūz-nāma-ye mellī and Jarīda-ye mellī.
-
ANJOMAN (Organization)
M. Bayat, H. Algar, W. L. Hanaway, Jr.
(“gathering, association, society”), general designation of many private and public associations.
-
ANJOMAN-E ĀṮĀR-E MELLĪ
ʿĪ. Ṣadīq
(AAM), The National Monuments Council of Iran, established in 1301 Š./1922 to promote interest in and to preserve Iran’s cultural heritage.
-
ANJOMAN-E EṢFAHĀN
L. P. Elwell-Sutton
a weekly paper founded in Isfahan on 21 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1324/6 January 1906.
-
ANJOMAN-E ESMĀʿĪLI
F. Daftary
(Ismaʿili Society), a research institution founded on 16 February 1946 in Bombay, India, under the patronage of the third Aqa Khan.
-
ANJOMAN-E EYĀLĀTI-E TABRIZ
Mansoureh Ettehadieh
the provincial council (anjoman) of Tabriz organized during the early phase of the Constitutional Revolution, in 1324/1906.
-
ANJOMAN-E FALSAFA WA ʿOLŪM-E ENSĀNĪ
EIr
(Iranian Society for Philosophy and Humanistic Sciences), formed in 1949 as a regional branch of the International Council of Philosophy and Humanistic Sciences, a UNESCO affiliate.
-
ANJOMAN-E KALĪMĪĀN
A. Netzer
(JEWISH ASSOCIATION), name given to the Jewish Association of Tehran in the 1930s, and to the Jewish Association of Iran since 1974.
-
ANJOMAN-E KETĀB
I. Afshar
(the Book Society of Iran), founded in 1957 in Tehran by Ehsan Yarshater in collaboration with Iraj Afshar (Īraǰ Afšār), ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Zarrīnkūb, and a number of concerned scholars, to foster interest in good publications.
-
ANJOMAN-E MAʿĀREF
ʿA. Anwār
(Society or Council of Education), a society founded in Šawwāl, 1315/February-March, 1898 under the patronage of the then prime minister Ḥāǰǰ Mīrzā ʿAlī Khan Amīn-al-dawla in order to promote the cause of Western-type education in Iran.
-
ANJOMAN-E OḴOWWAT
ʿA. Anwār and EIr
(or OḴŪWAT) “The Society of Brotherhood,” a non-political Sufi-type society officially founded on 15 Šabʿān 1317/21 December 1899 by Mīrzā ʿAlī Khan Ẓahīr-al-dawla to promote the ideals of equity and brotherhood in Iran.
-
ANJOMAN-E SAʿĀDAT
H. Algar
(The Association of Felicity), an organization of Iranians resident in Istanbul, devoted to furthering the cause of the Iranian constitution between 1908 and 1912.
-
ANJOMAN-E TABLĪḠĀT-E ESLAMĪ
H. Algar
(The Society of Islamic Propagation), an Islamic cultural and educational society established in 1941 by ʿAṭāʾallāh Šehābpūr.
-
ANJOMAN-E TĀRĪḴ-E AFḠĀNESTĀN
R. Farhādī
(Historical Society of Afghanistan), founded in 1942 to disseminate information about the history of Afghanistan by conducting research, promoting scholarship, and publishing scholarly works.
-
ANJOMAN-E VELĀYATI
ʿAli Reżā Abtaḥi
(Provincial Council) of Isfahan, set up subsequent to the establishment of the Parliament (majles) to secure the aims of the Constitutional Revolution.
-
ANJOMAN-E ZARTOŠTĪĀN
M. Kasheff
(Society of Zoroastrians), the designation of formally instituted Zoroastrian associations in Iran.
-
ANJOMANĀRĀ, FARHANG-E
R. ʿAfīfī
Persian-language dictionary compiled by Reżā-qolī Khan Hedāyat (1215-88/1800-71) known as Lala-bāšī.
-
ʿANKABŪTĪĀN
Cross-Reference
See ARACHNIDS.
-
ANKLESARIA, BAHRAMGORE TAHMURAS
K. M. JamaspAsa and M. Boyce
(1873-1944), Parsi scholar, son of Tahmuras Dinshah Anklesaria, born and educated in Bombay.
-
ANKLESARIA, PESHOTAN KAVASHAH
K. M JamaspAsa and M. Boyce
(1928-69), Parsi priest and scholar born at Broach.
-
ANKLESARIA, TAHMURAS DINSHAH
K. M. Jamaspasa and M. Boyce
(1842-1903), Parsi priest and scholar.
-
ʿANNAZIDS
K. M. Aḥmad
(BANŪ ʿANNĀZ), a Kurdish dynasty (r. ca. 380-510/990-1117).
-
ANŌŠAG-RUWĀN
C. J. Brunner
"of immortal soul", originally a respectful euphemism, becoming in the Islamic period an aristocratic proper name.
-
ANŌŠAZĀD
Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh
(in the Šāh-nāma, Nōšzād; the name means “son of the immortal”), a son of Ḵosrow I Anōšīravān and leader of a revolt in ca. 550 CE.
-
ANŌŠĪRAVĀN
Cross-Reference
See ḴOSROW I.
-
ANQARAVĪ, ROSŪḴ-AL-DĪN
H. Algar
(also known as Rosūḵī Dede; d. 1041/1631), a shaikh in the Mawlawī order and author of the most important traditional commentary on theMaṯnawī of Jalāl-al-dīn Rūmī.
-
ANQUETIL-DUPERRON
J. Duchesne-Guillemin
(1731-1805), French orientalist, born in Paris on 7 December 1731. In June, 1759, he was able to send news to Paris that he had completed (in three months) a translation of that Vendidad.
-
ANṢARĪ, ʿALĪ-QOLĪ KHAN
M. Kasheff
MOŠĀWER-AL-MAMĀLEK (1868-1940), a career diplomat under the late Qajars.
-
ANṢĀRĪ, ḴᵛĀJA ʿABDALLĀH
Cross-Reference
See ʿABDALLĀH ANṢĀRĪ.
-
ANṢĀRĪ, MĪRZĀ SAʿĪD KHAN
Cross-Reference
MOʾTAMEN-AL-MOLK. See MOʾTAMEN-AL-MOLK.
-
ANṢĀRĪ, SHAIKH MORTAŻĀ
S. Murata
B. MOḤAMMAD AMĪN (1799-1864), 1799-1864), important author of works on feqh.
-
ANSHAN
J. Hansman
(or ANZAN), the name of an important Elamite region in western Fārs and of its chief city.
-
ANṬĀKĪYA
Cross-Reference
See ANTIOCH.
-
ANTHROPOLOGY
B. Spooner
(Persian mardomšenāsī), social and cultural, in Iran and Afghanistan.
-
ANTHROPOMORPHISM
J. Duchesne-Guillemin
in Iranian religions. Ahura Mazdā in the Gāthās was conceived of, although invisible and immortal, as of human form, with eyes, hands, and tongue; but he was of gigantic size.
-
ANTI-ALBORZ
B. Hourcade
the highland between Tehran and Semnān on the southern flank of the central Alborz range.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
ANTIA, EDULJI KERSASPJI
K. M. JamaspAsa and M. Boyce
(1842-1913/1212-83 yazdegerdi), Parsi scholar, born of priestly stock in Navsari in Gujarat.
-
ANTIOCH (1)
M. L. Chaumont
town in northern Syria founded in 300 B.C. by Seleucus I Nicator. It was the capital of the Seleucids and became one of the main centers of caravan traffic.
-
ANTIOCH (2)
J. Hansman
city name given to a number of Seleucid foundations.
-
ANTIOCHUS
D. Bing, J. Sievers
name of thirteen kings of the Seleucid dynasty, several of whom were active in Iran.
-
ANTIOCHUS OF COMMAGENE
G. Widengren
(full title: Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philoromaios Philhellen, Theos signifying his divinity), 1st-century BC Seleucid ruler.
-
ANTONY, MARK
M. L. Chaumont
Roman general (ca. 82-30 B.C.). Following the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae (Ḥarrān) in 53 B.C., the Roman leadership sought a war of revenge. Mark Antony became master of the East through a pact with Octavian (the future Augustus) in 40 B.C., he began preparations for a campaign against the Parthians.
This Article Has Images/Tables. -
ANŪŠA MOḤAMMAD
G. L. Penrose
B. ABU’L-ḠĀZĪ, ABU’L-MOẒAFFAR, Khan of Ḵīva 1663-87.
-
ANUŠAWAN
J. R. Russell
grandson of Ara, legendary king of Armenia, called sawsanuēr “devoted to the plane tree.”